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Mar, 2023
Multidimensional Economic Complexity RankingsNew!
Traditional estimates of economic complexity rely on trade data. But these estimates can be biased against geographically isolated economies. Multidimensional approaches to economic complexity solve this problem by combining data on international trade, patents, and research papers. They combine to provide better estimates of economic complexity that have an improved ability to explain international variations in economic growth, income inequality, and greenhouse gas emissions. You can explore the latest multidimensional economic complexity rankings at the OEC.
ECI Trade
This is the traditional economic complexity index. It is based on the geography of trade and captures the sophistication of a country's exports.
Trade ECI estimates a country's ability to produce and export complex products that require a high level of knowledge and skills.
- 1
Japan2.06 - 2
Switzerland1.94 - 3
Chinese Taipei1.93 - 4
South Korea1.82 - 5
Germany1.81 - 6
Singapore1.74 - 7
Czechia1.56 - 8
Sweden1.54 - 9
Austria1.50 - 10
United States1.46
ECI Technology
Using patent applications by technology, we can measure the complexity expressed in the geography of patent applications.
Tech ECI showcases a nation's ability to produce complex patentable innovations.
ECI Research
We can estimate the complexity of a country’s scientific output using data on scientific publications by field of research.
Research ECI estimates the sophistication of a country's academic research, and together with trade and tech ECI, helps explain the intensity of emissions.
- 1United States2.41
- 2
United Kingdom2.31 - 3
Canada2.14 - 4
Australia2.08 - 5
Netherlands2.07 - 6Switzerland1.93
- 7Sweden1.92
- 8Germany1.87
- 9
Belgium1.80 - 10
Israel1.76
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OEC Tradle
Looking for a Wordle replacement? Test your intuition of international trade data with the OEC's new daily trivia game -- Tradle!
Each day you'll see a different treemap of the exports for a particular country. Do your best to guess the country with 6 guesses.
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With the Observatory of Economic Complexity, you can build millions of custom visualizations. Explore international trade data from every angle with these powerful visualizations tools.
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Featured Research by the OEC Team
Our research team has more than 15 years of experience working to understand the dynamics of economic geography. Our experts have pioneered the development of methods and tools that can be used to unpack the evolution of economies with an unprecedented resolution. Learn about the latest research on economic complexity and relatedness, and explore classic papers and books on the topic.
Latest Research Using OEC Data
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