About

Overview In 2022, Russia was the number 8 economy in the world in terms of GDP (current US$), the number 12 in total exports, the number 30 in total imports, the number 63 economy in terms of GDP per capita (current US$) and the number 45 most complex economy according to the Economic Complexity Index (ECI) .

Exports The top exports of Russia are Crude Petroleum ($133B), Petroleum Gas ($71.5B), Refined Petroleum ($67.4B), Coal Briquettes ($36.5B), and Gold ($14.6B), exporting mostly to China ($101B), India ($40.4B), Germany ($27.7B), Turkey ($25.3B), and Italy ($25.1B).

In 2022, Russia was the world's biggest exporter of Semi-Finished Iron ($8.38B), Mixed Mineral or Chemical Fertilizers ($7.45B), Nitrogenous Fertilizers ($6.27B), Non-fillet Frozen Fish ($3.76B), and Iron Reductions ($1.26B)

Imports The top imports of Russia are Packaged Medicaments ($9.11B), Broadcasting Equipment ($7.15B), Cars ($6.38B), Computers ($3.94B), and Motor vehicles; parts and accessories (8701 to 8705) ($3.64B), importing mostly from China ($75.4B), Germany ($15.5B), Turkey ($9.24B), Kazakhstan ($8.78B), and South Korea ($6.33B).

In 2022, Russia was the world's biggest importer of Furskin Apparel ($802M), Precipitated Copper ($641M), Hydraulic Turbines ($65.9M), and Non-Retail Artificial Staple Fibers Sewing Thread ($63.7M)

Location Russia borders Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, and North Korea by land and United States and Japan by sea.

Latest Trends

Latest Trade

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Y-AXIS SCALE

The following section uses the most recent trade data from partners of Russia.

Disclaimer: data is presented based on availability and only countries that use the harmonized system are being shown.

* Trade values are converted to USD using each month's exchange rate. For December 2023 data, the exchange rate from December 30, 2023 is used.

Russia Exports since Jan 2019
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Latest Data

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The data obtained is mirror data. The trade of countries that do not report current data can be reconstructed based on data reported by partner countries with current data available.

*All data is converted to USD using January 2020 exchange rates when data is reported in local currency.

Exports in USD*
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Exports in USD*
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Historical Data

Yearly Trade

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Top Export (2022)Crude Petroleum$133B
Top Destination (2022)China$101B

In 2022, Russia exported a total of $486B, making it the number 12 exporter in the world. During the last five reported years the exports of Russia have changed by $126B from $360B in 2017 to $486B in 2022.

The most recent exports are led by Crude Petroleum ($133B), Petroleum Gas ($71.5B), Refined Petroleum ($67.4B), Coal Briquettes ($36.5B), and Gold ($14.6B). The most common destination for the exports of Russia are China ($101B), India ($40.4B), Germany ($27.7B), Turkey ($25.3B), and Italy ($25.1B).

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Exports (2022)
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Destinations (2022)
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Market Growth

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Fastest Growing Export Markets (2021 - 2022)
India$32.8B (+ 430%)
China$29.3B (+ 41%)
Germany$8.41B (+ 43.6%)
Fastest Growing Import Markets (2021 - 2022)
China$7.64B (+ 11.3%)
Turkey$3.31B (+ 55.9%)
United Arab Emirates$1.72B (+ 229%)

Total Export Growth by Market (2021 - 2022)

Service Trade

Service Trade

Russia Exports Services (2020)$41.2B
Russia Imports Services (2020)$59.8B

In 2020, Russia exported $41.2B worth of services. The top services exported by Russia in 2020 were Miscellaneous business, professional, and technical services ($11.1B), Air transport ($5.87B), Sea transport ($4.81B), Other transport ($4.73B), and Construction in the compiling economy ($2.78B).

The top services imported by Russia in 2020 were Miscellaneous business, professional, and technical services ($15.3B), Personal travel ($8.39B), Royalties and license fees ($6.81B), Construction in the compiling economy ($6.69B), and Other transport ($5.56B).

Service Exports (2020)

Service Imports (2020)

Economic Complexity

Overview

Economic Complexity (Trade)0.42Rank 45 of 124
Economic Complexity (Technology)1.08Rank 17 of 96
Economic Complexity (Research)-0.047Rank 57 of 135

Comparison Map

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This section shows exports, imports and economic complexity data at the subnational level for Russia. Click any of the Federal District in the geomap to visit the specific subnational profile.

The top territories of Russia according to its Economic Complexity Index are NIZHNY NOVGOROD REGION (0.32), PENZA REGION (0.25), and ULYANOVSK REGION (0.22).

The principal exporters of Russia were MOSCOW, THE CAPITAL OF RUSSIAN FEDERATION ($204B), ST. PETERSBURG ($29.9B), and KHANTY-MANSIYSK AUTONOMOUS AREA ($17.5B).

The same year,  the principal importers of Russia were MOSCOW, THE CAPITAL OF RUSSIAN FEDERATION ($129B), MOSCOW REGION ($33.5B), and ST. PETERSBURG ($26.6B).

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Economic Complexity by Region Level (2021)

Most Specialized Products by RCA Index

Russia has a high level of specialization in Linseed (17.5), Pig Iron (12.6), Semi-Finished Iron (12.3), Iron Reductions (11.3), and Nuclear Reactors (8.85). Specialization is measured using RCA, an index that takes the ratio between Russia observed and expected exports in each product.

Most Complex Products by PCI

The highest complexity exports of Russia according to the product complexity index (PCI) are Nickel; plates, sheets, strip and foil (1.37), Nickel; articles thereof n.e.c. in chapter 75 (1.25), Newsprint, in rolls or sheets (1.2), Nuclear reactors; fuel elements (cartridges), non-irradiated, for nuclear reactors, machinery and apparatus... (0.96), and Railway or tramway track fixtures and fittings; mechanical (including electro-mechanical) signalling, safety... (0.92). PCI measures the knowledge intensity of a product by considering the knowledge intensity of its exporters.

Export Opportunities by Relatedness

The top export opportunities for Russia according to the relatedness index, were Iron Ore (0.21), Cobalt (0.18), Manganese Ore (0.17), Copper Ore (0.17), and Cocoa Shells (0.16). Relatedness measures the distance between a country's current exports and each product. The barchart show only products that Russia is not specialized in.

Product Space

The product space is a network connecting products that are likely to be co-exported. The product space can be used to predict future exports, since countries are more likely to start exporting products that are related to current exports. Relatedness measures the distance between a product, and all of the products a country currently specializes in.

Relatedness Space

This network shows the products most related to the production structure of Russia. These are products that tend to be co-exported with the products that Russia exports. Higher relatedness values ​​indicate greater knowledge, which predicts a greater probability of exporting that product in the future.

Diversification Frontier

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The Complexity-Relatedness diagram compares the risk vs strategic value of a country's potential export oppotunities. Relatedness is predictive of the probability that a country increases its exports in a product. Complexity, is associated with higher levels of income, economic growth, less income inequality, and lower greenhouse emissions.

Economic Complexity Ranking

Methodology
Scale

During the last 20 years Russia's⁩ ⁨economy has become relatively less complex, moving from the ⁩⁨26th to the 45th⁩ position in the ECI rank.

These economic complexity rankings use 6 digit exports classified according to the HS96 classification. We consider only countries with population of at least 1 million and exports of at least $1 billion, and products with world trade over $500 million. To explore different rankings and vary these parameters visit the custom rankings section.

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ECI (Trade) Ranking by Country

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