About

Overview In 2023, Turkey was the number 18 economy in the world in terms of GDP (current US$), the number 28 in total exports, the number 20 in total imports, the number 77 economy in terms of GDP per capita (current US$) and the number 41 most complex economy according to the Economic Complexity Index (ECI) .

Exports The top exports of Turkey are Cars ($12.1B), Gold ($10.3B), Refined Petroleum ($9.37B), Motor vehicles; parts and accessories (8701 to 8705) ($7.62B), and Jewellery ($7.38B), exporting mostly to Germany ($24.7B), United States ($15.9B), United Kingdom ($15.1B), United Arab Emirates ($14.7B), and Iraq ($12.8B).

In 2023, Turkey was the world's biggest exporter of Hand-Woven Rugs ($2.28B), Raw Iron Bars ($2.16B), Cement ($1.65B), Wheat Flours ($1.5B), and Borates ($751M)

Imports The top imports of Turkey are Gold ($30.1B), Refined Petroleum ($20.3B), Cars ($18.5B), Petroleum Gas ($8.38B), and Scrap Iron ($7.59B), importing mostly from China ($44.6B), Russia ($31B), Germany ($29.1B), Switzerland ($19.3B), and United States ($16.6B).

In 2023, Turkey was the world's biggest importer of Scrap Iron ($7.59B), Semi-Finished Iron ($3.36B), Polycarboxylic Acids ($1.94B), Non-Retail Synthetic Filament Yarn ($1.46B), and Textile Fiber Machinery ($697M)

Location Turkey borders Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Greece, Iran, Iraq, and Syria by land and Cyprus, Egypt, Romania, Russia, and Ukraine by sea.

Latest Trends

November, 2024

Historical Data

Yearly Trade

Flow
Color
Depth
Top Export (2023)Cars$12.1B
Top Destination (2023)Germany$24.7B

In 2023, Turkey exported a total of $272B, making it the number 28 exporter in the world. During the last five reported years the exports of Turkey have changed by $75.9B from $197B in 2018 to $272B in 2023.

The most recent exports are led by Cars ($12.1B), Gold ($10.3B), Refined Petroleum ($9.37B), Motor vehicles; parts and accessories (8701 to 8705) ($7.62B), and Jewellery ($7.38B). The most common destination for the exports of Turkey are Germany ($24.7B), United States ($15.9B), United Kingdom ($15.1B), United Arab Emirates ($14.7B), and Iraq ($12.8B).

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Exports (2023)
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Destinations (2023)
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Market Growth

Flow
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Growth
Fastest Growing Export Markets (2022 - 2023)
United Arab Emirates$6.32B (+ 75.1%)
Saudi Arabia$1.63B (+ 158%)
Russia$1.57B (+ 16.9%)
Fastest Growing Import Markets (2022 - 2023)
United Arab Emirates$8.1B (+ 165%)
Germany$4.6B (+ 18.8%)
Switzerland$4.39B (+ 29.4%)

Total Export Growth by Market (2022 - 2023)

Potential Exports

Potential Exports

Type
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Service Trade

Service Trade

Turkey Exports Services (2020)$4.07B
Turkey Imports Services (2020)$3.01B

In 2020, Turkey exported $4.07B worth of services. The top services exported by Turkey in 2020 were Transportation ($1.78B), Travel ($1.26B), Miscellaneous business, professional, and technical services ($358M), Insurance services ($274M), and Computer and information services ($198M).

The top services imported by Turkey in 2020 were Transportation ($1.07B), Miscellaneous business, professional, and technical services ($612M), Insurance services ($421M), Royalties and license fees ($260M), and Computer and information services ($218M).

Service Exports (2020)

Service Imports (2020)

Economic Complexity

Overview

Economic Complexity (Trade)0.62Rank 41 of 132
Economic Complexity (Technology)1.23Rank 8 of 96
Economic Complexity (Research)1.04Rank 24 of 140

Most Specialized Products by RCA Index

Turkey has a high level of specialization in Borates (44.6), Retail Artificial Staple Fibers Yarn (39.9), Hand-Woven Rugs (34.4), Marble, Travertine and Alabaster (29.2), and Boron (22.6). Specialization is measured using RCA, an index that takes the ratio between Turkey observed and expected exports in each product.

Most Complex Products by PCI

The highest complexity exports of Turkey according to the product complexity index (PCI) are Machinery; for working rubber or plastics or for the manufacture of products... (1.7), Machine-tools; for planing, shaping, slotting, broaching, gear cutting and grinding, finishing, sawing,... (1.64), Lathes for removing metal (1.58), Copper Springs (1.55), and Machine-tools; (including presses) for working metal by forging, hammering or die-stamping, for... (1.53). PCI measures the knowledge intensity of a product by considering the knowledge intensity of its exporters.

Export Opportunities by Relatedness

The top export opportunities for Turkey according to the relatedness index, were Felt or Coated Fabric Garments (0.51), Footwear Parts (0.5), Leather Footwear (0.5), Equine and Bovine Hides (0.49), and Perfume Plants (0.49). Relatedness measures the distance between a country's current exports and each product. The barchart show only products that Turkey is not specialized in.

Product Space

The product space is a network connecting products that are likely to be co-exported. The product space can be used to predict future exports, since countries are more likely to start exporting products that are related to current exports. Relatedness measures the distance between a product, and all of the products a country currently specializes in.

Relatedness Space

This network shows the products most related to the production structure of Turkey. These are products that tend to be co-exported with the products that Turkey exports. Higher relatedness values ​​indicate greater knowledge, which predicts a greater probability of exporting that product in the future.

Relatedness Space (2023)

Diversification Frontier

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Depth

The Complexity-Relatedness diagram compares the risk vs strategic value of a country's potential export oppotunities. Relatedness is predictive of the probability that a country increases its exports in a product. Complexity, is associated with higher levels of income, economic growth, less income inequality, and lower greenhouse emissions.

Diversification Frontier

Economic Complexity Ranking

Methodology
Scale

During the last 20 years Turkey's⁩ ⁨economy has become relatively more complex, moving from the ⁩⁨51st to the 41st⁩ position in the ECI rank.

These economic complexity rankings use 6 digit exports classified according to the HS96 classification. We consider only countries with population of at least 1 million and exports of at least $1 billion, and products with world trade over $500 million. To explore different rankings and vary these parameters visit the custom rankings section.

Explore Rankings

ECI (Trade) Ranking by Country

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