About

Overview In 2022, Netherlands was the number 18 economy in the world in terms of GDP (current US$), the number 6 in total exports, the number 6 in total imports, the number 12 economy in terms of GDP per capita (current US$) and the number 20 most complex economy according to the Economic Complexity Index (ECI) .

Exports The top exports of Netherlands are Refined Petroleum ($68.1B), Broadcasting Equipment ($21B), Machinery Having Individual Functions ($19.9B), Packaged Medicaments ($16.3B), and Crude Petroleum ($15.3B), exporting mostly to Germany ($131B), Belgium ($94.3B), France ($59.9B), United Kingdom ($38.2B), and Italy ($34.5B).

In 2022, Netherlands was the world's biggest exporter of Photo Lab Equipment ($7.53B), Coal Tar Oil ($5.47B), Other live plants, cuttings and slips; mushroom spawn ($4.7B), Cut Flowers ($4.04B), and Malt Extract ($3.83B)

Imports The top imports of Netherlands are Crude Petroleum ($68.9B), Refined Petroleum ($51.1B), Petroleum Gas ($34.7B), Broadcasting Equipment ($23.4B), and Computers ($22.3B), importing mostly from Germany ($109B), China ($94.5B), United States ($68.3B), Belgium ($65.7B), and United Kingdom ($41.9B).

In 2022, Netherlands was the world's biggest importer of Industrial Fatty Acids, Oils and Alcohols ($13.6B), Coal Tar Oil ($6.91B), Alcohol > 80% ABV ($2.53B), Inedible Fats and Oils ($2.47B), and Cocoa Beans ($1.68B)

Location Netherlands borders Belgium and Germany by land and Saint Kitts and Nevis, United Kingdom, Venezuela, and Anguilla by sea.

Latest Trends

October, 2022

Historical Data

Yearly Trade

Flow
Color
Depth
Top Export (2022)Refined Petroleum$68.1B
Top Destination (2022)Germany$131B

In 2022, Netherlands exported a total of $674B, making it the number 6 exporter in the world. During the last five reported years the exports of Netherlands have changed by $178B from $496B in 2017 to $674B in 2022.

The most recent exports are led by Refined Petroleum ($68.1B), Broadcasting Equipment ($21B), Machinery Having Individual Functions ($19.9B), Packaged Medicaments ($16.3B), and Crude Petroleum ($15.3B). The most common destination for the exports of Netherlands are Germany ($131B), Belgium ($94.3B), France ($59.9B), United Kingdom ($38.2B), and Italy ($34.5B).

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Exports (2022)
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Destinations (2022)
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Market Growth

Flow
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Fastest Growing Export Markets (2021 - 2022)
Belgium$14.5B (+ 18.3%)
Chinese Taipei$4.93B (+ 44.5%)
Sweden$3.99B (+ 26.1%)
Fastest Growing Import Markets (2021 - 2022)
United States$17.3B (+ 33.9%)
Belgium$15B (+ 29.5%)
India$8.77B (+ 99.2%)

Total Export Growth by Market (2021 - 2022)

Service Trade

Service Trade

Netherlands Exports Services (2020)$196B
Netherlands Imports Services (2020)$190B

In 2020, Netherlands exported $196B worth of services. The top services exported by Netherlands in 2020 were Miscellaneous business, professional, and technical services ($60.1B), Royalties and license fees ($41.8B), Other transport ($17.2B), Air transport ($13.7B), and Sea transport ($12.5B).

The top services imported by Netherlands in 2020 were Miscellaneous business, professional, and technical services ($68.6B), Royalties and license fees ($38.3B), Other transport ($25B), Merchanting and other trade-related services ($12.7B), and Financial services ($10.6B).

Service Exports (2020)

Service Imports (2020)

Economic Complexity

Overview

Economic Complexity (Trade)1.1Rank 20 of 124
Economic Complexity (Technology)1.08Rank 16 of 96
Economic Complexity (Research)2.14Rank 5 of 135

Most Specialized Products by RCA Index

Netherlands has a high level of specialization in Bulbs and Roots (27.1), Photo Lab Equipment (15.6), Other live plants, cuttings and slips; mushroom spawn (15.1), Cut Flowers (14.7), and Composite Paper (13.9). Specialization is measured using RCA, an index that takes the ratio between Netherlands observed and expected exports in each product.

Most Complex Products by PCI

Export Opportunities by Relatedness

The top export opportunities for Netherlands according to the relatedness index, were Glass Scraps (0.42), Other Fermented Beverages (0.42), Cobalt Oxides and Hydroxides (0.42), Rough Wood (0.42), and Precious Metal Scraps (0.41). Relatedness measures the distance between a country's current exports and each product. The barchart show only products that Netherlands is not specialized in.

Product Space

The product space is a network connecting products that are likely to be co-exported. The product space can be used to predict future exports, since countries are more likely to start exporting products that are related to current exports. Relatedness measures the distance between a product, and all of the products a country currently specializes in.

Relatedness Space

This network shows the products most related to the production structure of Netherlands. These are products that tend to be co-exported with the products that Netherlands exports. Higher relatedness values ​​indicate greater knowledge, which predicts a greater probability of exporting that product in the future.

Diversification Frontier

Filter
Depth

The Complexity-Relatedness diagram compares the risk vs strategic value of a country's potential export oppotunities. Relatedness is predictive of the probability that a country increases its exports in a product. Complexity, is associated with higher levels of income, economic growth, less income inequality, and lower greenhouse emissions.

Economic Complexity Ranking

Methodology
Scale

During the last 20 years Netherlands's⁩ ⁨economy has become relatively less complex, moving from the ⁩⁨12th to the 20th⁩ position in the ECI rank.

These economic complexity rankings use 6 digit exports classified according to the HS96 classification. We consider only countries with population of at least 1 million and exports of at least $1 billion, and products with world trade over $500 million. To explore different rankings and vary these parameters visit the custom rankings section.

Explore Rankings

ECI (Trade) Ranking by Country

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