Netherlands2020 Economic Complexity : 1.13, Rank 22 of 127
2020 Product Exports | Imports: $511B | $524B, 6 of 226 | 8 of 226
2020 Per Capita Product Exports | Imports: $29.3k | $30.1k, 4 of 219 | 9 of 219
2020 Service Exports | Imports : $196B | $190B, 3 of 65 | 3 of 65
Overview In 2020, Netherlands was the number 17 economy in the world in terms of GDP (current US$), the number 6 in total exports, the number 8 in total imports, the number 14 economy in terms of GDP per capita (current US$) and the number 22 most complex economy according to the Economic Complexity Index (ECI).
Exports The top exports of Netherlands are Refined Petroleum ($29.7B), Broadcasting Equipment ($19.3B), Packaged Medicaments ($18.8B), Computers ($13.7B), and Photo Lab Equipment ($11.7B), exporting mostly to Germany ($105B), Belgium ($56.1B), France ($43.7B), United Kingdom ($40.3B), and United States ($23.9B).
In 2020, Netherlands was the world's biggest exporter of Other live plants, cuttings and slips; mushroom spawn ($4.4B), Cut Flowers ($4.01B), Malt Extract ($3.4B), Recreational Boats ($2.81B), and Coal Tar Oil ($2.52B)
Imports The top imports of Netherlands are Crude Petroleum ($32.1B), Refined Petroleum ($23.8B), Broadcasting Equipment ($21.9B), Computers ($14.7B), and Packaged Medicaments ($13.5B), importing mostly from Germany ($84.8B), China ($64.9B), United States ($42.7B), Belgium ($37.1B), and United Kingdom ($25.1B).
In 2020, Netherlands was the world's biggest importer of Industrial Fatty Acids, Oils and Alcohols ($5.73B), Cocoa Beans ($1.78B), Vehicle Bodies (including cabs) for the motor vehicles (8701 to 8705) ($1.55B), Alcohol > 80% ABV ($1.25B), and Inedible Fats and Oils ($1.14B)
Location Netherlands borders Belgium and Germany by land and Saint Kitts and Nevis, United Kingdom, Venezuela, and Anguilla by sea.
October, 2022
Overview In October 2022 Netherlands exported €54.9B and imported €55.6B, resulting in a negative trade balance of €706M. Between October 2021 and October 2022 the exports of Netherlands have increased by €9.7B (21.5%) from €45.2B to €54.9B, while imports increased by €11.8B (27%) from €43.8B to €55.6B.
Trade In October 2022, the top exports of Netherlands were Petroleum oils and oils obtained from... (€7.21B), Telecommunications equipment, n.e.s., and parts, n.e.s.,... (€2.48B), Miscellaneous chemical products, n.e.s. (€1.66B), Other machinery and equipment specialized for... (€1.65B), and Medicaments (including veterinary medicaments) (€1.27B). In October 2022 the top imports of Netherlands were Petroleum oils and oils obtained from... (€3.82B), Natural gas, whether or not liquefied (€3.28B), Petroleum oils and oils obtained from... (€3.1B), Telecommunications equipment, n.e.s., and parts, n.e.s.,... (€2.78B), and Automatic data-processing machines and units thereof;... (€1.57B).
Destinations In October 2022, Netherlands exported mostly to Germany (€11.8B), Belgium (€6B), France (€4.93B), United Kingdom (€3.6B), and United States (€2.72B), and imported mostly from Germany (€8.51B), United States (€6.9B), China (€6.21B), Belgium (€5.7B), and United Kingdom (€2.19B).
Growth In October 2022, the increase in Netherlands's year-by-year exports was explained primarily by an increase in exports to South Korea (€308M or 102%), China (€200M or 20.2%), and Cayman Islands (€103M or 515%), and product exports increase in Other machinery and equipment specialized for... (€371M or 40.2%), Ferrous waste and scrap; remelting scrap... (€116M or 57.7%), and Ships, boats (including hovercraft) and floating... (€89M or 83.2%). In October 2022, the increase in Netherlands's year-by-year imports was explained primarily by an increase in imports from Cayman Islands (€310M or 620%), Costa Rica (€147M or 288%), and Italy (€105M or 13.4%), and product imports increase in Ships, boats (including hovercraft) and floating... (€370M or 435%), Medicinal and pharmaceutical products, other than... (€134M or 23.9%), and Motor cars and other motor vehicles... (€111M or 15.7%).
EXPORT GROWTH (October 2021 - October 2022): €9.7B, (21.5%)
IMPORT GROWTH (October 2021 - October 2022): €11.8B, (27%)
MAIN DESTINATION (October 2022): Germany, €11.8B
This section shows exports and imports data at subnational level for Netherlands. Click any date in the line plot, or any product, destination or origin country to explore the exports or imports behavior of Netherlands over time.
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Top Export (2020): Refined Petroleum, $29.7B
Top Destination (2020): Germany, $84.8B
In 2020, Netherlands exported a total of $511B, making it the number 6 exporter in the world. During the last five reported years the exports of Netherlands have changed by $77.6B from $434B in 2015 to $511B in 2020.
The most recent exports are led by Refined Petroleum ($29.7B), Broadcasting Equipment ($19.3B), Packaged Medicaments ($18.8B), Computers ($13.7B), and Photo Lab Equipment ($11.7B). The most common destination for the exports of Netherlands are Germany ($105B), Belgium ($56.1B), France ($43.7B), United Kingdom ($40.3B), and United States ($23.9B).
Fastest Growing Export Markets (2019 - 2020)
Fastest Growing Import Markets (2019 - 2020)
Netherlands Exports Services (2020): $196B
Netherlands Imports Services (2020): $190B
In 2020, Netherlands exported $196B worth of services. The top services exported by Netherlands in 2020 were Miscellaneous business, professional, and technical services ($60.1B), Royalties and license fees ($41.8B), Other transport ($17.2B), Air transport ($13.7B), and Sea transport ($12.5B).
The top services imported by Netherlands in 2020 were Miscellaneous business, professional, and technical services ($68.6B), Royalties and license fees ($38.3B), Other transport ($25B), Merchanting and other trade-related services ($12.7B), and Financial services ($10.6B).
Netherlands has a high level of specialization in Bulbs and Roots (24.6), Cut Flowers (15.6), Other live plants, cuttings and slips; mushroom spawn (14.3), Composite Paper (13.4), and Cocoa Powder (9.29). Specialization is measured using RCA, an index that takes the ratio between Netherlands observed and expected exports in each product.
The highest complexity exports of Netherlands according to the product complexity index (PCI) are Photo Lab Equipment (2.15), Photographic Chemicals (2.08), Machinery Having Individual Functions (1.95), Non-optical Microscopes (1.86), and Drafting Tools (1.84). PCI measures the knowledge intensity of a product by considering the knowledge intensity of its exporters.
The top export opportunities for Netherlands according to the relatedness index, are Cobalt Oxides and Hydroxides (0.45), Bovine, Sheep, and Goat Fat (0.43), Flax Fibers (0.43), Other Fermented Beverages (0.42), and Non-Iron and Steel Slag, Ash and Residues (0.42). Relatedness measures the distance between a country's current exports and each product. The barchart show only products that Netherlands is not specialized in.
The product space is a network connecting products that are likely to be co-exported. The product space can be used to predict future exports, since countries are more likely to start exporting products that are related to current exports. Relatedness measures the distance between a product, and all of the products a country currently specializes in.
The Complexity-Relatedness diagram compares the risk vs strategic value of a country's potential export oppotunities. Relatedness is predictive of the probability that a country increases its exports in a product. Complexity, is associated with higher levels of income, economic growth, less income inequality, and lower greenhouse emissions.
During the last 20 years Netherlands's economy has become relatively less complex, moving from the 11th to the 22nd position in the ECI rank.
These economic complexity rankings use 6 digit exports classified according to the HS96 classification. We consider only countries with population of at least 1 million and exports of at least $1 billion, and products with world trade over $500 million. To explore different rankings and vary these parameters visit the custom rankings section.
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