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2023
Economic Complexity
Trade -0.18Rank 71 of 132
2021
Economic Complexity
Technology -0.2Rank 55 of 96
2022
Economic Complexity
Research -0.87Rank 118 of 140
2023
Product
Exports | Imports $96.6B | $66.4B44 of 226 |  52 of 226
2023
Per Capita Product
Exports | Imports $4.75k | $3.26k66 of 220 |  110 of 220

About

Overview In 2023, Kazakhstan was the number 50 economy in the world in terms of GDP (current US$), the number 44 in total exports, the number 52 in total imports, the number 79 economy in terms of GDP per capita (current US$) and the number 71 most complex economy according to the Economic Complexity Index (ECI) .

Exports The top exports of Kazakhstan are Crude Petroleum ($37B), Gold ($18.2B), Radioactive Chemicals ($3.51B), Refined Copper ($3.51B), and Copper Ore ($3.09B), exporting mostly to China ($15.2B), United Kingdom ($14.3B), Russia ($9.78B), Turkey ($5.42B), and Italy ($4.63B).

In 2023, Kazakhstan was the world's biggest exporter of Radioactive Chemicals ($3.51B) and Chromium Oxides and Hydroxides ($266M)

Imports The top imports of Kazakhstan are Cars ($3.56B), Broadcasting Equipment ($1.71B), Vehicle Bodies (including cabs) for the motor vehicles (8701 to 8705) ($1.61B), Packaged Medicaments ($1.5B), and Computers ($1.27B), importing mostly from China ($18.7B), Russia ($16.1B), Gambia ($2.91B), Turkey ($2.39B), and United States ($2.36B).

Location Kazakhstan borders China, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan by land.

Latest Trends

Latest Trade

Flow
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Y-AXIS SCALE

The following section uses the most recent trade data from partners of Kazakhstan.

Disclaimer: data is presented based on availability and only countries that use the harmonized system are being shown.

* Trade values are converted to USD using each month's exchange rate. For December 2023 data, the exchange rate from December 30, 2023 is used.

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Latest Data

Flow
Color
Depth

The data obtained is mirror data. The trade of countries that do not report current data can be reconstructed based on data reported by partner countries with current data available.

*All data is converted to USD using January 2020 exchange rates when data is reported in local currency.

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Historical Data

Yearly Trade

Flow
Color
Depth
Top Export (2023)Crude Petroleum$37B
Top Destination (2023)China$15.2B

In 2023, Kazakhstan exported a total of $96.6B, making it the number 44 exporter in the world. During the last five reported years the exports of Kazakhstan have changed by $40.7B from $55.9B in 2018 to $96.6B in 2023.

The most recent exports are led by Crude Petroleum ($37B), Gold ($18.2B), Radioactive Chemicals ($3.51B), Refined Copper ($3.51B), and Copper Ore ($3.09B). The most common destination for the exports of Kazakhstan are China ($15.2B), United Kingdom ($14.3B), Russia ($9.78B), Turkey ($5.42B), and Italy ($4.63B).

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Exports (2023)
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Destinations (2023)
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Market Growth

Flow
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Growth
Fastest Growing Export Markets (2022 - 2023)
United Kingdom$6.57B (+ 84.8%)
China$1.74B (+ 12.9%)
Italy$1.1B (+ 31.2%)
Fastest Growing Import Markets (2022 - 2023)
China$6.27B (+ 50.5%)
United States$1.24B (+ 111%)
Japan$867M (+ 126%)

Total Export Growth by Market (2022 - 2023)

Potential Exports

Potential Exports

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Service Trade

Service Trade

Kazakhstan Exports Services (2020)$4.95B
Kazakhstan Imports Services (2020)$7.7B

In 2020, Kazakhstan exported $4.95B worth of services. The top services exported by Kazakhstan in 2020 were Other transport ($2.96B), Miscellaneous business, professional, and technical services ($418M), Air transport ($358M), Personal travel ($318M), and Government services, n.i.e. ($195M).

The top services imported by Kazakhstan in 2020 were Miscellaneous business, professional, and technical services ($3.49B), Other transport ($1.6B), Personal travel ($735M), Air transport ($433M), and Operational leasing services ($237M).

Service Exports (2020)

Service Imports (2020)

Economic Complexity

Overview

Economic Complexity (Trade)-0.18Rank 71 of 132
Economic Complexity (Technology)-0.2Rank 55 of 96
Economic Complexity (Research)-0.87Rank 118 of 140

Most Specialized Products by RCA Index

Kazakhstan has a high level of specialization in Chromium Oxides and Hydroxides (119), Linseed (51.3), Asbestos (47), Radioactive Chemicals (43.3), and Wheat Flours (19.6). Specialization is measured using RCA, an index that takes the ratio between Kazakhstan observed and expected exports in each product.

Most Complex Products by PCI

The highest complexity exports of Kazakhstan according to the product complexity index (PCI) are Tools, hand; two or more of heading no. 8202 to 8205, put... (1.03), Railway or tramway locomotives or rolling stock; parts thereof (0.73), Slag, rock wool and similar mineral wools; exfoliated vermiculite, expanded clays, foamed... (0.71), Tantalum; articles thereof, including waste and scrap (0.67), and Refractory cements, mortars, concretes and similar compositions; other than products of heading... (0.61). PCI measures the knowledge intensity of a product by considering the knowledge intensity of its exporters.

Export Opportunities by Relatedness

The top export opportunities for Kazakhstan according to the relatedness index, were Tin Ores (0.14), Aluminium Ore (0.13), Nickel Mattes (0.12), Nickel Ore (0.12), and Manganese Ore (0.11). Relatedness measures the distance between a country's current exports and each product. The barchart show only products that Kazakhstan is not specialized in.

Product Space

The product space is a network connecting products that are likely to be co-exported. The product space can be used to predict future exports, since countries are more likely to start exporting products that are related to current exports. Relatedness measures the distance between a product, and all of the products a country currently specializes in.

Relatedness Space

This network shows the products most related to the production structure of Kazakhstan. These are products that tend to be co-exported with the products that Kazakhstan exports. Higher relatedness values ​​indicate greater knowledge, which predicts a greater probability of exporting that product in the future.

Relatedness Space (2023)

Diversification Frontier

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Depth

The Complexity-Relatedness diagram compares the risk vs strategic value of a country's potential export oppotunities. Relatedness is predictive of the probability that a country increases its exports in a product. Complexity, is associated with higher levels of income, economic growth, less income inequality, and lower greenhouse emissions.

Diversification Frontier

Economic Complexity Ranking

Methodology
Scale

During the last 20 years Kazakhstan's⁩ ⁨economy has become relatively less complex, moving from the ⁩⁨58th to the 71st⁩ position in the ECI rank.

These economic complexity rankings use 6 digit exports classified according to the HS96 classification. We consider only countries with population of at least 1 million and exports of at least $1 billion, and products with world trade over $500 million. To explore different rankings and vary these parameters visit the custom rankings section.

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ECI (Trade) Ranking by Country

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