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Ink; printing, writing or drawing ink and other inks; whether or not concentrated or solid

3215 (Harmonized System 1992 for 4-digit)

2022
World Trade $12.1BRnk 327 / 1218
2022
Top Exporter | Top Importer $2.2B | $1.12BGermany | Germany
2022
Product Complexity 0.4Rnk 413 / 1033
2021 - 2022
Export Growth (CAGR) -6.89%Rnk 1053 / 1218
2022
Share of World Trade 0.051%Rnk 327 / 1218

About

Overview This page contains the latest trade data of Ink. In 2022, Ink were the world's 327th most traded product, with a total trade of $12.1B. Between 2021 and 2022 the exports of Ink decreased by -6.89%, from $13B to $12.1B. Trade in Ink represent 0.051% of total world trade.

Ink are a part of Paints, dyes, & varnishes. They include Printing ink, other than black, Ink, other than printing ink, and Printing ink, black.

Exports In 2022 the top exporters of Ink  were Germany ($2.2B), Japan ($999M), Netherlands ($953M), China ($890M), and United States ($825M).

Imports In 2022 the top importers of Ink were Germany ($1.12B), Netherlands ($935M), France ($896M), United States ($736M), and United Kingdom ($540M).

Ranking Ink ranks 413th in the Product Complexity Index (PCI).

Description Printing ink is used to print on paper, while writing or drawing ink is used for writing or drawing on paper. Other inks are used in a variety of ways, such as for printing on fabric, making tattoos, and other uses.

Latest Trends

Latest Data

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The following visualization shows the latest trends on Ink. Countries are shown based on data availability.

For a full breakdown of trade patterns, visit the trend explorer or the product in country profile.

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* Trade values are converted to USD using each month's exchange rate. For December 2023 data, the exchange rate from December 30, 2023 is used.

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Historical Data

Exporters and Importers

Top Origin (2022)Germany$2.2B
Top Destination (2022)Germany$1.12B

In 2022 Ink were the world's 327th most traded product (out of 1,218).

In 2022, the top exporters of Ink were Germany ($2.2B), Japan ($999M), Netherlands ($953M), China ($890M), and United States ($825M).

In 2022, the top importers of Ink were Germany ($1.12B), Netherlands ($935M), France ($896M), United States ($736M), and United Kingdom ($540M).

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Exporters of Ink (2022)
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Importers of Ink (2022)
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Market Dynamics

Color
Top Origin Growth (2021 -  2022)China$299M
Top Destination Growth (2021 -  2022)Turkey$48.3M

Between 2021 and 2022, the exports of Ink grew the fastest in China ($299M), Turkey ($49.1M), United States ($43M), Poland ($29.2M), and United Arab Emirates ($19.6M).

Between 2021 and 2022, the fastest growing importers of Ink were Turkey ($48.3M), United States ($47.2M), Mexico ($38.9M), India ($32.9M), and Indonesia ($17.8M).

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Exporters of Ink (2021 - 2022)

Importers of Ink (2021 - 2022)

Market Concentration

Value

This chart shows the evolution of the market concentration of exports of Ink.

In 2022, market concentration measured using Shannon Entropy, was 4.5. This means that most of the exports of Ink are explained by 22 countries.

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Value of Exports in Ink

Net Trade

TOP NET EXPORTER (2022)Germany$1.08B
TOP NET IMPORTER (2022)France$425M

This map shows which countries export or import more of Ink. Each country is colored based on the difference in exports and imports of Ink during 2022.

In 2022, the countries that had a largest trade value in exports than in imports of Ink were Germany ($1.08B), Japan ($910M), Switzerland ($518M), China ($449M), and Singapore ($234M).

In 2022, the countries that had a largest trade value in imports than in exports of Ink were France ($425M), Mexico ($229M), Poland ($199M), Italy ($186M), and Vietnam ($184M).

Net Trade (2022)

Disaggregation

Value

In 2022, the world most traded Ink, disaggragated by their HS6 level were Printing ink, other than black ($5.62B), Ink, other than printing ink ($4.98B), and Printing ink, black ($1.49B)

HS6 Disaggregation for Ink (2022)
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Country Comparison

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Ranking

This visualization shows the countries that have an important ratio of their trade related to Ink.
It is possible to select the main countries that export or import Ink in the world, or by continent, as well as select the measure of interest.

Top 10 Exporters Countries of Ink by percentage of total exports

Potential Exports

Potential Exports

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TOP EXPORT POTENTIALFrance+ $49.6M
TOP IMPORT POTENTIALNetherlands+ $46.9M

Ink’s highest export potential is France. With an export gap of $49.6M.  Ink’s highest import potential is Netherlands with an import gap of $46.9M.

See methodology.

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Product Complexity

Diversification Frontier

Specialization

The Complexity-Relatedness diagram compares the risk and the strategic value of a product's potential export opportunities. Relatedness is predictive of the probability that a country increases its exports in a product. Complexity, is associated with higher levels of income, economic growth potential, lower income inequality, and lower emissions.

Relatedness vs Country Complexity (2022)

Related Products

This visualization shows products that are likely to be exported by countries that export Ink.

Country by Relatedness

The following visualization shows the relatedness of Ink to countries. Higher relatedness values ​​indicate greater knowledge, which predicts a greater probability of exporting that product in the future.

Relative Relatedness by Country (2022)

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