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Pricing

Ink; printing, writing or drawing ink and other inks; whether or not concentrated or solid

3215 (Harmonized System 1992 for 4-digit)

2023
World Trade $12.3BRnk 310 / 1217
2023
Top Exporter | Top Importer $1.88B | $1.56BGermany | Germany
2023
Product Complexity 0.54Rnk 359 / 1044
2022 - 2023
Export Growth (CAGR) -8.72%Rnk 703 / 1217
2023
Share of World Trade 0.054%Rnk 310 / 1217

About

Overview This page contains the latest trade data of Ink. In 2023, Ink were the world's 310th most traded product, with a total trade of $12.3B. Between 2022 and 2023 the exports of Ink decreased by -8.72%, from $13.5B to $12.3B. Trade in Ink represent 0.054% of total world trade.

Ink are a part of Paints, dyes, & varnishes. They include Printing ink, other than black, Ink, other than printing ink, and Printing ink, black.

Exports In 2023 the top exporters of Ink  were Germany ($1.88B), Japan ($1.29B), China ($1.14B), Netherlands ($952M), and United States ($720M).

Imports In 2023 the top importers of Ink were Germany ($1.56B), Netherlands ($1.06B), France ($1.02B), United States ($569M), and Italy ($478M).

Ranking Ink ranks 359th in the Product Complexity Index (PCI).

Description Printing ink is used to print on paper, while writing or drawing ink is used for writing or drawing on paper. Other inks are used in a variety of ways, such as for printing on fabric, making tattoos, and other uses.

Latest Trends

Latest Data

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The following visualization shows the latest trends on Ink. Countries are shown based on data availability.

For a full breakdown of trade patterns, visit the trend explorer or the product in country profile.

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* Trade values are converted to USD using each month's exchange rate. For December 2023 data, the exchange rate from December 30, 2023 is used.

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Historical Data

Exporters and Importers

Top Origin (2023)Germany$1.88B
Top Destination (2023)Germany$1.56B

In 2023 Ink were the world's 310th most traded product (out of 1,217).

In 2023, the top exporters of Ink were Germany ($1.88B), Japan ($1.29B), China ($1.14B), Netherlands ($952M), and United States ($720M).

In 2023, the top importers of Ink were Germany ($1.56B), Netherlands ($1.06B), France ($1.02B), United States ($569M), and Italy ($478M).

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Exporters of Ink (2023)
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Importers of Ink (2023)
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Market Dynamics

Color
Top Origin Growth (2022 -  2023)Malaysia$65M
Top Destination Growth (2022 -  2023)India$95.2M

Between 2022 and 2023, the exports of Ink grew the fastest in Malaysia ($65M), Indonesia ($42M), United Arab Emirates ($25.2M), Austria ($8.18M), and South Africa ($6.09M).

Between 2022 and 2023, the fastest growing importers of Ink were India ($95.2M), Turkey ($28M), Greece ($15.2M), Algeria ($12.4M), and Romania ($9.88M).

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Exporters of Ink (2022 - 2023)

Importers of Ink (2022 - 2023)

Market Concentration

Value

This chart shows the evolution of the market concentration of exports of Ink.

In 2023, market concentration measured using Shannon Entropy, was 4.44. This means that most of the exports of Ink are explained by 21 countries.

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Value of Exports in Ink

Net Trade

TOP NET EXPORTER (2023)Japan$1.22B
TOP NET IMPORTER (2023)France$638M

This map shows which countries export or import more of Ink. Each country is colored based on the difference in exports and imports of Ink during 2023.

In 2023, the countries that had a largest trade value in exports than in imports of Ink were Japan ($1.22B), China ($690M), Malaysia ($538M), Switzerland ($525M), and Germany ($320M).

In 2023, the countries that had a largest trade value in imports than in exports of Ink were France ($638M), Mexico ($250M), Poland ($230M), Australia ($194M), and Italy ($190M).

Net Trade (2023)

Disaggregation

Value

In 2023, the world most traded Ink, disaggragated by their HS6 level were Ink, other than printing ink ($5.64B), Printing ink, other than black ($5.26B), and Printing ink, black ($1.4B)

HS6 Disaggregation for Ink (2023)
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Country Comparison

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Ranking

This visualization shows the countries that have an important ratio of their trade related to Ink.
It is possible to select the main countries that export or import Ink in the world, or by continent, as well as select the measure of interest.

Top 10 Exporters Countries of Ink by percentage of total exports

Potential Exports

Potential Exports

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TOP EXPORT POTENTIALFrance+ $49.6M
TOP IMPORT POTENTIALNetherlands+ $46.9M

Ink’s highest export potential is France. With an export gap of $49.6M.  Ink’s highest import potential is Netherlands with an import gap of $46.9M.

See methodology.

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Product Complexity

Diversification Frontier

Specialization

The Complexity-Relatedness diagram compares the risk and the strategic value of a product's potential export opportunities. Relatedness is predictive of the probability that a country increases its exports in a product. Complexity, is associated with higher levels of income, economic growth potential, lower income inequality, and lower emissions.

Relatedness vs Country Complexity (2023)

Related Products

This visualization shows products that are likely to be exported by countries that export Ink.

Country by Relatedness

The following visualization shows the relatedness of Ink to countries. Higher relatedness values ​​indicate greater knowledge, which predicts a greater probability of exporting that product in the future.

Relative Relatedness by Country (2023)

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