About

Overview In 2023, Mongolia was the number 120 economy in the world in terms of GDP (current US$), the number 89 in total exports, the number 140 in total imports, the number 116 economy in terms of GDP per capita (current US$) and the number 123 most complex economy according to the Economic Complexity Index (ECI) .

Exports The top exports of Mongolia are Coal Briquettes ($8.43B), Copper Ore ($2.65B), Gold ($835M), Iron Ore ($365M), and Crude Petroleum ($358M), exporting mostly to China ($13.1B), Switzerland ($842M), Italy ($87.7M), Thailand ($67.1M), and Japan ($31.4M).

In 2023, Mongolia was the world's biggest exporter of Horse Meat ($63M)

Imports The top imports of Mongolia are Cars ($691M), Trailers and semi-trailers, not mechanically propelled vehicles ($167M), Delivery Trucks ($167M), Tractors ($165M), and Iron Structures ($156M), importing mostly from China ($3.45B), Japan ($760M), Germany ($193M), Singapore ($171M), and United States ($157M).

Location Mongolia borders China and Russia by land.

Latest Trends

Latest Trade

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Y-AXIS SCALE

The following section uses the most recent trade data from partners of Mongolia.

Disclaimer: data is presented based on availability and only countries that use the harmonized system are being shown.

* Trade values are converted to USD using each month's exchange rate. For December 2023 data, the exchange rate from December 30, 2023 is used.

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Latest Data

Flow
Color
Depth

The data obtained is mirror data. The trade of countries that do not report current data can be reconstructed based on data reported by partner countries with current data available.

*All data is converted to USD using January 2020 exchange rates when data is reported in local currency.

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Historical Data

Yearly Trade

Flow
Color
Depth
Top Export (2023)Coal Briquettes$8.43B
Top Destination (2023)China$13.1B

In 2023, Mongolia exported a total of $14.3B, making it the number 89 exporter in the world. During the last five reported years the exports of Mongolia have changed by $6.69B from $7.6B in 2018 to $14.3B in 2023.

The most recent exports are led by Coal Briquettes ($8.43B), Copper Ore ($2.65B), Gold ($835M), Iron Ore ($365M), and Crude Petroleum ($358M). The most common destination for the exports of Mongolia are China ($13.1B), Switzerland ($842M), Italy ($87.7M), Thailand ($67.1M), and Japan ($31.4M).

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Exports (2023)
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Destinations (2023)
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Market Growth

Flow
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Growth
Fastest Growing Export Markets (2022 - 2023)
China$3.06B (+ 30.5%)
Thailand$34.1M (+ 103%)
Chinese Taipei$26.6M (+ 2.31k%)
Fastest Growing Import Markets (2022 - 2023)
China$355M (+ 11.4%)
Switzerland$120M (+ 387%)
Singapore$115M (+ 205%)

Total Export Growth by Market (2022 - 2023)

Potential Exports

Potential Exports

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Service Trade

Service Trade

Mongolia Exports Services (2019)$1.23B
Mongolia Imports Services (2019)$3.22B

In 2019, Mongolia exported $1.23B worth of services. The top services exported by Mongolia in 2019 were Personal travel ($464M), Transportation ($389M), Other business services ($226M), Computer and information services ($50.1M), and Business travel ($49.3M).

The top services imported by Mongolia in 2019 were Transportation ($983M), Personal travel ($917M), Other business services ($772M), Financial services ($212M), and Construction services ($146M).

Service Exports (2019)

Service Imports (2019)

Economic Complexity

Overview

Economic Complexity (Trade)-1.32Rank 123 of 132
Economic Complexity (Technology)-1.74Rank 93 of 96
Economic Complexity (Research)-0.51Rank 82 of 140

Most Specialized Products by RCA Index

Mongolia has a high level of specialization in Animal Hair (591), Feldspar (120), Coal Briquettes (64), Copper Ore (44.1), and Molybdenum Ore (30.8). Specialization is measured using RCA, an index that takes the ratio between Mongolia observed and expected exports in each product.

Most Complex Products by PCI

The highest complexity exports of Mongolia according to the product complexity index (PCI) are Carboxyimide-function compounds (including saccharin and its salts) and imine-function compounds (1.36), Copper; articles thereof n.e.c. in chapter 74 (1.09), Woven fabrics of carded wool or of carded fine animal hair (0.66), Animal fats and oils and their fractions; whether or not refined, but... (0.59), and Copper; bars, rods and profiles (0.19). PCI measures the knowledge intensity of a product by considering the knowledge intensity of its exporters.

Export Opportunities by Relatedness

The top export opportunities for Mongolia according to the relatedness index, were Tin Ores (0.076), Aluminium Ore (0.068), Other Mineral (0.063), Manganese Ore (0.061), and Nickel Ore (0.056). Relatedness measures the distance between a country's current exports and each product. The barchart show only products that Mongolia is not specialized in.

Product Space

The product space is a network connecting products that are likely to be co-exported. The product space can be used to predict future exports, since countries are more likely to start exporting products that are related to current exports. Relatedness measures the distance between a product, and all of the products a country currently specializes in.

Relatedness Space

This network shows the products most related to the production structure of Mongolia. These are products that tend to be co-exported with the products that Mongolia exports. Higher relatedness values ​​indicate greater knowledge, which predicts a greater probability of exporting that product in the future.

Relatedness Space (2023)

Diversification Frontier

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Depth

The Complexity-Relatedness diagram compares the risk vs strategic value of a country's potential export oppotunities. Relatedness is predictive of the probability that a country increases its exports in a product. Complexity, is associated with higher levels of income, economic growth, less income inequality, and lower greenhouse emissions.

Diversification Frontier

Economic Complexity Ranking

Methodology
Scale

During the last 20 years Mongolia's⁩ ⁨economy has become relatively less complex, moving from the ⁩⁨nullth to the 123rd⁩ position in the ECI rank.

These economic complexity rankings use 6 digit exports classified according to the HS96 classification. We consider only countries with population of at least 1 million and exports of at least $1 billion, and products with world trade over $500 million. To explore different rankings and vary these parameters visit the custom rankings section.

Explore Rankings

ECI (Trade) Ranking by Country

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