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2022
Economic Complexity
Trade -0.17Rank 73 of 133
2021
Economic Complexity
Technology -0.2Rank 55 of 96
2022
Economic Complexity
Research -1.32Rank 130 of 135
2022
Product
Exports | Imports $98.7B | $57.9B45 of 226 |  56 of 226
2022
Per Capita Product
Exports | Imports $5.03k | $2.95k66 of 220 |  128 of 220

About

Overview In 2022, Kazakhstan was the number 53 economy in the world in terms of GDP (current US$), the number 45 in total exports, the number 56 in total imports, the number 73 economy in terms of GDP per capita (current US$) and the number 73 most complex economy according to the Economic Complexity Index (ECI) .

Exports The top exports of Kazakhstan are Crude Petroleum ($47.6B), Gold ($9.73B), Refined Copper ($3.8B), Ferroalloys ($3.29B), and Radioactive Chemicals ($2.85B), exporting mostly to China ($13.4B), Italy ($12.4B), Russia ($8.78B), United Kingdom ($8.01B), and Netherlands ($5.48B).

In 2022, Kazakhstan was the world's biggest exporter of Radioactive Chemicals ($2.85B) and Chromium Oxides and Hydroxides ($242M)

Imports The top imports of Kazakhstan are Cars ($3.21B), Broadcasting Equipment ($1.61B), Packaged Medicaments ($1.27B), Vehicle Bodies (including cabs) for the motor vehicles (8701 to 8705) ($1.03B), and Planes, Helicopters, and/or Spacecraft ($996M), importing mostly from Russia ($16.5B), China ($16.2B), Germany ($2.87B), South Korea ($2.26B), and Turkey ($1.67B).

Location Kazakhstan borders China, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan by land.

Latest Trends

Latest Trade

Flow
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Y-AXIS SCALE

The following section uses the most recent trade data from partners of Kazakhstan.

Disclaimer: data is presented based on availability and only countries that use the harmonized system are being shown.

* Trade values are converted to USD using each month's exchange rate. For December 2023 data, the exchange rate from December 30, 2023 is used.

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Latest Data

Flow
Color
Depth

The data obtained is mirror data. The trade of countries that do not report current data can be reconstructed based on data reported by partner countries with current data available.

*All data is converted to USD using January 2020 exchange rates when data is reported in local currency.

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Historical Data

Yearly Trade

Flow
Color
Depth
Top Export (2022)Crude Petroleum$47.6B
Top Destination (2022)China$13.4B

In 2022, Kazakhstan exported a total of $98.7B, making it the number 45 exporter in the world. During the last five reported years the exports of Kazakhstan have changed by $45.9B from $52.8B in 2017 to $98.7B in 2022.

The most recent exports are led by Crude Petroleum ($47.6B), Gold ($9.73B), Refined Copper ($3.8B), Ferroalloys ($3.29B), and Radioactive Chemicals ($2.85B). The most common destination for the exports of Kazakhstan are China ($13.4B), Italy ($12.4B), Russia ($8.78B), United Kingdom ($8.01B), and Netherlands ($5.48B).

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Exports (2022)
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Destinations (2022)
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Market Growth

Flow
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Growth
Fastest Growing Export Markets (2021 - 2022)
United Kingdom$3.68B (+ 84.9%)
China$3.54B (+ 35.9%)
Italy$3.3B (+ 36.1%)
Fastest Growing Import Markets (2021 - 2022)
China$3.03B (+ 23%)
South Korea$1.35B (+ 148%)
Germany$1.16B (+ 67.6%)

Total Export Growth by Market (2021 - 2022)

Potential Exports

Potential Exports

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Service Trade

Service Trade

Kazakhstan Exports Services (2020)$4.95B
Kazakhstan Imports Services (2020)$7.7B

In 2020, Kazakhstan exported $4.95B worth of services. The top services exported by Kazakhstan in 2020 were Other transport ($2.96B), Miscellaneous business, professional, and technical services ($418M), Air transport ($358M), Personal travel ($318M), and Government services, n.i.e. ($195M).

The top services imported by Kazakhstan in 2020 were Miscellaneous business, professional, and technical services ($3.49B), Other transport ($1.6B), Personal travel ($735M), Air transport ($433M), and Operational leasing services ($237M).

Service Exports (2020)

Service Imports (2020)

Economic Complexity

Overview

Economic Complexity (Trade)-0.17Rank 73 of 133
Economic Complexity (Technology)-0.2Rank 55 of 96
Economic Complexity (Research)-1.32Rank 130 of 135

Most Specialized Products by RCA Index

Kazakhstan has a high level of specialization in Chromium Oxides and Hydroxides (94.7), Linseed (61.6), Radioactive Chemicals (45.2), Wheat Flours (26.8), and Sulphur (20.5). Specialization is measured using RCA, an index that takes the ratio between Kazakhstan observed and expected exports in each product.

Export Opportunities by Relatedness

The top export opportunities for Kazakhstan according to the relatedness index, were Tin Ores (0.12), Nickel Mattes (0.11), Manganese Ore (0.11), Pig Iron (0.11), and Nickel Ore (0.11). Relatedness measures the distance between a country's current exports and each product. The barchart show only products that Kazakhstan is not specialized in.

Product Space

The product space is a network connecting products that are likely to be co-exported. The product space can be used to predict future exports, since countries are more likely to start exporting products that are related to current exports. Relatedness measures the distance between a product, and all of the products a country currently specializes in.

Relatedness Space

This network shows the products most related to the production structure of Kazakhstan. These are products that tend to be co-exported with the products that Kazakhstan exports. Higher relatedness values ​​indicate greater knowledge, which predicts a greater probability of exporting that product in the future.

Relatedness Space (2022)

Diversification Frontier

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Depth

The Complexity-Relatedness diagram compares the risk vs strategic value of a country's potential export oppotunities. Relatedness is predictive of the probability that a country increases its exports in a product. Complexity, is associated with higher levels of income, economic growth, less income inequality, and lower greenhouse emissions.

Diversification Frontier

Economic Complexity Ranking

Methodology
Scale

During the last 20 years Kazakhstan's⁩ ⁨economy has become relatively less complex, moving from the ⁩⁨56th to the 73rd⁩ position in the ECI rank.

These economic complexity rankings use 6 digit exports classified according to the HS96 classification. We consider only countries with population of at least 1 million and exports of at least $1 billion, and products with world trade over $500 million. To explore different rankings and vary these parameters visit the custom rankings section.

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ECI (Trade) Ranking by Country

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