About

Overview In 2022, Indonesia was the number 16 economy in the world in terms of GDP (current US$), the number 26 in total exports, the number 27 in total imports, the number 114 economy in terms of GDP per capita (current US$) and the number 67 most complex economy according to the Economic Complexity Index (ECI) .

Exports The top exports of Indonesia are Coal Briquettes ($50.8B), Palm Oil ($28.7B), Ferroalloys ($13.7B), Petroleum Gas ($11.8B), and Copper Ore ($8.89B), exporting mostly to China ($67.7B), United States ($31.6B), Japan ($26.6B), India ($25.3B), and Malaysia ($15.6B).

In 2022, Indonesia was the world's biggest exporter of Palm Oil ($28.7B), Ferroalloys ($13.7B), Lignite ($8.29B), Stearic Acid ($6.84B), and Nickel Mattes ($6.27B)

Imports The top imports of Indonesia are Refined Petroleum ($23.2B), Crude Petroleum ($10.1B), Petroleum Gas ($4.92B), Motor vehicles; parts and accessories (8701 to 8705) ($4.19B), and Broadcasting Equipment ($4.01B), importing mostly from China ($71.3B), Singapore ($22.5B), Japan ($14.9B), Malaysia ($12.5B), and Thailand ($10.4B).

In 2022, Indonesia was the world's biggest importer of Soybean Meal ($2.92B), Raw Sugar ($2.37B), Other Large Iron Pipes ($591M), Industrial Furnaces ($474M), and Steam Boilers ($427M)

Location Indonesia borders Timor-Leste, Malaysia, and Papua New Guinea by land and Australia, India, Palau, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, and Christmas Island by sea.

Latest Trends

Latest Trade

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Y-AXIS SCALE

The following section uses the most recent trade data from partners of Indonesia.

Disclaimer: data is presented based on availability and only countries that use the harmonized system are being shown.

* Trade values are converted to USD using each month's exchange rate. For December 2023 data, the exchange rate from December 30, 2023 is used.

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Latest Data

Flow
Color
Depth

The data obtained is mirror data. The trade of countries that do not report current data can be reconstructed based on data reported by partner countries with current data available.

*All data is converted to USD using January 2020 exchange rates when data is reported in local currency.

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Historical Data

Yearly Trade

Flow
Color
Depth
Top Export (2022)Coal Briquettes$50.8B
Top Destination (2022)China$67.7B

In 2022, Indonesia exported a total of $320B, making it the number 26 exporter in the world. During the last five reported years the exports of Indonesia have changed by $130B from $190B in 2017 to $320B in 2022.

The most recent exports are led by Coal Briquettes ($50.8B), Palm Oil ($28.7B), Ferroalloys ($13.7B), Petroleum Gas ($11.8B), and Copper Ore ($8.89B). The most common destination for the exports of Indonesia are China ($67.7B), United States ($31.6B), Japan ($26.6B), India ($25.3B), and Malaysia ($15.6B).

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Exports (2022)
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Destinations (2022)
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Market Growth

Flow
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Fastest Growing Export Markets (2021 - 2022)
China$13.1B (+ 24.1%)
India$10.6B (+ 72%)
Japan$7.92B (+ 42.3%)
Fastest Growing Import Markets (2021 - 2022)
China$11.6B (+ 19.4%)
Singapore$4.3B (+ 23.6%)
Malaysia$3B (+ 31.4%)

Total Export Growth by Market (2021 - 2022)

Service Trade

Service Trade

Indonesia Exports Services (2020)$14.2B
Indonesia Imports Services (2020)$24.5B

In 2020, Indonesia exported $14.2B worth of services. The top services exported by Indonesia in 2020 were Other business services ($5.11B), Travel ($3.38B), Sea transport ($1.96B), Telecommunications services ($784M), and Government services, n.i.e. ($649M).

The top services imported by Indonesia in 2020 were Other business services ($7.71B), Sea transport ($5.77B), Computer and information services ($2.6B), Travel ($1.75B), and Royalties and license fees ($1.53B).

Service Exports (2020)

Service Imports (2020)

Economic Complexity

Overview

Economic Complexity (Trade)-0.078Rank 67 of 124
Economic Complexity (Technology)-0.51Rank 63 of 96
Economic Complexity (Research)-0.047Rank 56 of 135

Most Specialized Products by RCA Index

Indonesia has a high level of specialization in Lignite (64), Other Edible Animal Products (47.5), Stainless Steel Ingots (46), Palm Oil (36.6), and Nickel Mattes (29). Specialization is measured using RCA, an index that takes the ratio between Indonesia observed and expected exports in each product.

Most Complex Products by PCI

Export Opportunities by Relatedness

The top export opportunities for Indonesia according to the relatedness index, were Coconut and Other Vegetable Fibers (0.28), Cocoa Beans (0.27), Tin Ores (0.27), Jute and Other Textile Fibers (0.27), and Cassava (0.27). Relatedness measures the distance between a country's current exports and each product. The barchart show only products that Indonesia is not specialized in.

Product Space

The product space is a network connecting products that are likely to be co-exported. The product space can be used to predict future exports, since countries are more likely to start exporting products that are related to current exports. Relatedness measures the distance between a product, and all of the products a country currently specializes in.

Relatedness Space

This network shows the products most related to the production structure of Indonesia. These are products that tend to be co-exported with the products that Indonesia exports. Higher relatedness values ​​indicate greater knowledge, which predicts a greater probability of exporting that product in the future.

Diversification Frontier

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Depth

The Complexity-Relatedness diagram compares the risk vs strategic value of a country's potential export oppotunities. Relatedness is predictive of the probability that a country increases its exports in a product. Complexity, is associated with higher levels of income, economic growth, less income inequality, and lower greenhouse emissions.

Economic Complexity Ranking

Methodology
Scale

During the last 20 years Indonesia's⁩ ⁨economy has become relatively more complex, moving from the ⁩⁨70th to the 67th⁩ position in the ECI rank.

These economic complexity rankings use 6 digit exports classified according to the HS96 classification. We consider only countries with population of at least 1 million and exports of at least $1 billion, and products with world trade over $500 million. To explore different rankings and vary these parameters visit the custom rankings section.

Explore Rankings

ECI (Trade) Ranking by Country

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