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Hydrogen, rare gases and other non-metals

2804 (Harmonized System 1992 for 4-digit)

2023
World Trade $13.7BRnk 287 / 1217
2023
Top Exporter | Top Importer $2.15B | $2.1BUnited States | China
2023
Product Complexity -0.075Rnk 602 / 1044
2022 - 2023
Export Growth (CAGR) -25.6%Rnk 1117 / 1217
2023
Share of World Trade 0.06%Rnk 287 / 1217

About

Overview This page contains the latest trade data of Hydrogen. In 2023, Hydrogen were the world's 287th most traded product, with a total trade of $13.7B. Between 2022 and 2023 the exports of Hydrogen decreased by -25.6%, from $18.4B to $13.7B. Trade in Hydrogen represent 0.06% of total world trade.

Hydrogen are a part of Inorganic chemicals. They include Silicon, >99.99% pure, Silicon, <99.99% pure, Rare gases other than argon, Phosphorus, Argon, Selenium, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Hydrogen, and Boron, tellurium, among others.

Exports In 2023 the top exporters of Hydrogen  were United States ($2.15B), Germany ($1.95B), China ($1.93B), Qatar ($939M), and Malaysia ($748M).

Imports In 2023 the top importers of Hydrogen were China ($2.1B), Japan ($1.45B), Germany ($1.27B), Vietnam ($1.13B), and United States ($828M).

Ranking Hydrogen ranks 602nd in the Product Complexity Index (PCI).

Description Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe and is used in many ways, including as a fuel. Rare gases are used for a variety of purposes, including in welding and as a protective atmosphere. Non-metals are used in many ways, including as catalysts in chemical reactions.

Latest Trends

Latest Data

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The following visualization shows the latest trends on Hydrogen. Countries are shown based on data availability.

For a full breakdown of trade patterns, visit the trend explorer or the product in country profile.

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* Trade values are converted to USD using each month's exchange rate. For December 2023 data, the exchange rate from December 30, 2023 is used.

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Historical Data

Exporters and Importers

Top Origin (2023)United States$2.15B
Top Destination (2023)China$2.1B

In 2023 Hydrogen were the world's 287th most traded product (out of 1,217).

In 2023, the top exporters of Hydrogen were United States ($2.15B), Germany ($1.95B), China ($1.93B), Qatar ($939M), and Malaysia ($748M).

In 2023, the top importers of Hydrogen were China ($2.1B), Japan ($1.45B), Germany ($1.27B), Vietnam ($1.13B), and United States ($828M).

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Exporters of Hydrogen (2023)
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Importers of Hydrogen (2023)
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Market Dynamics

Color
Top Origin Growth (2022 -  2023)Algeria$156M
Top Destination Growth (2022 -  2023)Vietnam$385M

Between 2022 and 2023, the exports of Hydrogen grew the fastest in Algeria ($156M), South Africa ($48.5M), Denmark ($23M), Czechia ($15.9M), and Qatar ($15M).

Between 2022 and 2023, the fastest growing importers of Hydrogen were Vietnam ($385M), France ($36M), Gambia ($31.6M), Romania ($15M), and Mexico ($14.5M).

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Exporters of Hydrogen (2022 - 2023)

Importers of Hydrogen (2022 - 2023)

Market Concentration

Value

This chart shows the evolution of the market concentration of exports of Hydrogen.

In 2023, market concentration measured using Shannon Entropy, was 4.3. This means that most of the exports of Hydrogen are explained by 19 countries.

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Value of Exports in Hydrogen

Net Trade

TOP NET EXPORTER (2023)United States$1.32B
TOP NET IMPORTER (2023)Japan$1B

This map shows which countries export or import more of Hydrogen. Each country is colored based on the difference in exports and imports of Hydrogen during 2023.

In 2023, the countries that had a largest trade value in exports than in imports of Hydrogen were United States ($1.32B), Qatar ($883M), Germany ($677M), Norway ($599M), and Brazil ($560M).

In 2023, the countries that had a largest trade value in imports than in exports of Hydrogen were Japan ($1B), Vietnam ($851M), South Korea ($512M), India ($470M), and Chinese Taipei ($380M).

Net Trade (2023)

Disaggregation

Value

In 2023, the world most traded Hydrogen, disaggragated by their HS6 level were Silicon, >99.99% pure ($4.58B), Silicon, <99.99% pure ($3.91B), Rare gases other than argon ($2.94B), Phosphorus ($685M), and Argon ($429M)

HS6 Disaggregation for Hydrogen (2023)
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Country Comparison

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Ranking

This visualization shows the countries that have an important ratio of their trade related to Hydrogen.
It is possible to select the main countries that export or import Hydrogen in the world, or by continent, as well as select the measure of interest.

Top 10 Exporters Countries of Hydrogen by percentage of total exports

Potential Exports

Potential Exports

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TOP EXPORT POTENTIALNetherlands+ $32.7M
TOP IMPORT POTENTIALChina+ $41.6M

Hydrogen’s highest export potential is Netherlands. With an export gap of $32.7M.  Hydrogen’s highest import potential is China with an import gap of $41.6M.

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Product Complexity

Diversification Frontier

Specialization

The Complexity-Relatedness diagram compares the risk and the strategic value of a product's potential export opportunities. Relatedness is predictive of the probability that a country increases its exports in a product. Complexity, is associated with higher levels of income, economic growth potential, lower income inequality, and lower emissions.

Relatedness vs Country Complexity (2023)

Related Products

This visualization shows products that are likely to be exported by countries that export Hydrogen.

Country by Relatedness

The following visualization shows the relatedness of Hydrogen to countries. Higher relatedness values ​​indicate greater knowledge, which predicts a greater probability of exporting that product in the future.

Relative Relatedness by Country (2023)

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