Netherlands2021 Economic Complexity Trade : 1.09, Rank 22 of 131
2021 Economic Complexity Technology : 1.08, Rank 16 of 96
2021 Economic Complexity Research : 2.07, Rank 5 of 140
2021 Product Exports | Imports: $642B | $670B, 6 of 226 | 8 of 226
2021 Per Capita Product Exports | Imports: $36.6k | $38.2k, 4 of 219 | 6 of 219
Overview In 2021, Netherlands was the number 17 economy in the world in terms of GDP (current US$), the number 6 in total exports, the number 8 in total imports, the number 13 economy in terms of GDP per capita (current US$) and the number 22 most complex economy according to the Economic Complexity Index (ECI) .
Exports The top exports of Netherlands are Refined Petroleum ($45B), Broadcasting Equipment ($19B), Packaged Medicaments ($18.4B), Photo Lab Equipment ($16.5B), and Computers ($15.9B), exporting mostly to Germany ($129B), Belgium ($80.2B), France ($57.1B), United Kingdom ($43.1B), and Italy ($31.2B).
In 2021, Netherlands was the world's biggest exporter of Other live plants, cuttings and slips; mushroom spawn ($5.58B), Cut Flowers ($5.17B), Recreational Boats ($4.38B), Coal Tar Oil ($3.52B), and Malt Extract ($3.02B)
Imports The top imports of Netherlands are Crude Petroleum ($48.4B), Refined Petroleum ($40B), Broadcasting Equipment ($22.8B), Computers ($20.5B), and Office Machine Parts ($15.9B), importing mostly from Germany ($100B), China ($88.3B), United States ($50.8B), Belgium ($50.4B), and Russia ($39B).
In 2021, Netherlands was the world's biggest importer of Industrial Fatty Acids, Oils and Alcohols ($10.2B), Coal Tar Oil ($5.37B), Cocoa Beans ($1.94B), Inedible Fats and Oils ($1.63B), and Vehicle Bodies (including cabs) for the motor vehicles (8701 to 8705) ($1.46B)
Location Netherlands borders Belgium and Germany by land and Saint Kitts and Nevis, United Kingdom, Venezuela, and Anguilla by sea.
October, 2022
Overview In October 2022 Netherlands exported €54.9B and imported €55.6B, resulting in a negative trade balance of €706M. Between October 2021 and October 2022 the exports of Netherlands have increased by €9.7B (21.5%) from €45.2B to €54.9B, while imports increased by €11.8B (27%) from €43.8B to €55.6B.
Trade In October 2022, the top exports of Netherlands were Petroleum oils and oils obtained from... (€7.21B), Telecommunications equipment, n.e.s., and parts, n.e.s.,... (€2.48B), Miscellaneous chemical products, n.e.s. (€1.66B), Other machinery and equipment specialized for... (€1.65B), and Medicaments (including veterinary medicaments) (€1.27B). In October 2022 the top imports of Netherlands were Petroleum oils and oils obtained from... (€3.82B), Natural gas, whether or not liquefied (€3.28B), Petroleum oils and oils obtained from... (€3.1B), Telecommunications equipment, n.e.s., and parts, n.e.s.,... (€2.78B), and Automatic data-processing machines and units thereof;... (€1.57B).
Destinations In October 2022, Netherlands exported mostly to Germany (€11.8B), Belgium (€6B), France (€4.93B), United Kingdom (€3.6B), and United States (€2.72B), and imported mostly from Germany (€8.51B), United States (€6.9B), China (€6.21B), Belgium (€5.7B), and United Kingdom (€2.19B).
Growth In October 2022, the increase in Netherlands's year-by-year exports was explained primarily by an increase in exports to Germany (€1.86B or 18.7%), France (€1.26B or 34.3%), and Belgium (€870M or 17%), and product exports increase in Petroleum oils and oils obtained from... (€3.95B or 121%), Telecommunications equipment, n.e.s., and parts, n.e.s.,... (€564M or 29.5%), and Miscellaneous chemical products, n.e.s. (€396M or 31.3%). In October 2022, the increase in Netherlands's year-by-year imports was explained primarily by an increase in imports from United States (€3.83B or 125%), China (€1.58B or 34%), and Belgium (€1.09B or 23.6%), and product imports increase in Natural gas, whether or not liquefied (€3.08B or 1.56k%), Petroleum oils and oils obtained from... (€761M or 24.9%), and Telecommunications equipment, n.e.s., and parts, n.e.s.,... (€721M or 34.9%).
EXPORT GROWTH (October 2021 - October 2022): €9.7B, (21.5%)
IMPORT GROWTH (October 2021 - October 2022): €11.8B, (27%)
MAIN DESTINATION (October 2022): Germany, €11.8B
This section shows exports and imports data at subnational level for Netherlands. Click any date in the line plot, or any product, destination or origin country to explore the exports or imports behavior of Netherlands over time.
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Top Import (2021): Crude Petroleum, $48.4B
Top Origin (2021): Germany, $100B
In 2021, Netherlands imported $670B, making it the number 8 trade destination in the world. During the last five reported years the imports of Netherlands changed by $201B from $468B in 2016 to $670B in 2021.
The most recent imports of Netherlands are led by Crude Petroleum ($48.4B), Refined Petroleum ($40B), Broadcasting Equipment ($22.8B), Computers ($20.5B), and Office Machine Parts ($15.9B). The most common import partners for Netherlands are Germany ($100B), China ($88.3B), United States ($50.8B), Belgium ($50.4B), and Russia ($39B).
Netherlands Exports Services (2020): $196B
Netherlands Imports Services (2020): $190B
In 2020, Netherlands exported $196B worth of services. The top services exported by Netherlands in 2020 were Miscellaneous business, professional, and technical services ($60.1B), Royalties and license fees ($41.8B), Other transport ($17.2B), Air transport ($13.7B), and Sea transport ($12.5B).
The top services imported by Netherlands in 2020 were Miscellaneous business, professional, and technical services ($68.6B), Royalties and license fees ($38.3B), Other transport ($25B), Merchanting and other trade-related services ($12.7B), and Financial services ($10.6B).
Netherlands has a high level of specialization in Bulbs and Roots (24.5), Cut Flowers (16.1), Other live plants, cuttings and slips; mushroom spawn (14.8), Composite Paper (13.6), and Other Animal Fats (10.6). Specialization is measured using RCA, an index that takes the ratio between Netherlands observed and expected exports in each product.
The highest complexity exports of Netherlands according to the product complexity index (PCI) are Photographic (including cinematographic) laboratory apparatus and equipment, n.e.c. in chapter 90; negatoscopes;... (2.07), Chemical preparations for photographic uses (other than varnishes, glues, adhesives and similar... (2.02), Machinery and mechanical appliances; having individual functions, n.e.c. in this chapter (1.87), Microscopes (excluding optical microscopes); diffraction apparatus (1.83), and Esters; phosphoric, and their salts, including lactophosphates, their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or... (1.74). PCI measures the knowledge intensity of a product by considering the knowledge intensity of its exporters.
The top export opportunities for Netherlands according to the relatedness index, were Other Fermented Beverages (0.43), Typewriters (0.42), Pharmaceutical Rubber Products (0.42), Zirconium (0.42), and Hormones (0.42). Relatedness measures the distance between a country's current exports and each product. The barchart show only products that Netherlands is not specialized in.
The product space is a network connecting products that are likely to be co-exported. The product space can be used to predict future exports, since countries are more likely to start exporting products that are related to current exports. Relatedness measures the distance between a product, and all of the products a country currently specializes in.
The Complexity-Relatedness diagram compares the risk vs strategic value of a country's potential export oppotunities. Relatedness is predictive of the probability that a country increases its exports in a product. Complexity, is associated with higher levels of income, economic growth, less income inequality, and lower greenhouse emissions.
During the last 20 years Netherlands's economy has become relatively less complex, moving from the 11th to the 22nd position in the ECI rank.
These economic complexity rankings use 6 digit exports classified according to the HS96 classification. We consider only countries with population of at least 1 million and exports of at least $1 billion, and products with world trade over $500 million. To explore different rankings and vary these parameters visit the custom rankings section.
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