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2022
Economic Complexity
Trade 1.11Rank 23 of 133
2021
Economic Complexity
Technology 1.08Rank 16 of 96
2022
Economic Complexity
Research 2.14Rank 5 of 135
2022
Product
Exports | Imports $674B | $770B6 of 226 |  6 of 226
2022
Per Capita Product
Exports | Imports $38.1k | $43.5k8 of 220 |  7 of 220

About

Overview In 2022, Netherlands was the number 18 economy in the world in terms of GDP (current US$), the number 6 in total exports, the number 6 in total imports, the number 12 economy in terms of GDP per capita (current US$) and the number 23 most complex economy according to the Economic Complexity Index (ECI) .

Exports The top exports of Netherlands are Refined Petroleum ($68.1B), Broadcasting Equipment ($21B), Machinery Having Individual Functions ($19.9B), Packaged Medicaments ($16.3B), and Crude Petroleum ($15.3B), exporting mostly to Germany ($131B), Belgium ($94.3B), France ($59.9B), United Kingdom ($38.2B), and Italy ($34.5B).

In 2022, Netherlands was the world's biggest exporter of Photo Lab Equipment ($7.53B), Coal Tar Oil ($5.47B), Other live plants, cuttings and slips; mushroom spawn ($4.7B), Cut Flowers ($4.04B), and Malt Extract ($3.83B)

Imports The top imports of Netherlands are Crude Petroleum ($68.9B), Refined Petroleum ($51.1B), Petroleum Gas ($34.7B), Broadcasting Equipment ($23.4B), and Computers ($22.3B), importing mostly from Germany ($109B), China ($94.5B), United States ($68.3B), Belgium ($65.7B), and United Kingdom ($41.9B).

In 2022, Netherlands was the world's biggest importer of Industrial Fatty Acids, Oils and Alcohols ($13.6B), Coal Tar Oil ($6.91B), Alcohol > 80% ABV ($2.53B), Inedible Fats and Oils ($2.47B), and Cocoa Beans ($1.68B)

Location Netherlands borders Belgium and Germany by land and Saint Kitts and Nevis, United Kingdom, Venezuela, and Anguilla by sea.

Latest Trends

July, 2024

About

Overview In July 2024 Netherlands exported €68.6B and imported €57.6B, resulting in a positive trade balance of €11B. Between July 2023 and July 2024 the exports of Netherlands have increased by €3.89B (6.01%) from €64.7B to €68.6B, while imports increased by €2.4B (4.34%) from €55.2B to €57.6B.

Trade In July 2024, the top exports of Netherlands were Undefined (€16.1B), Petroleum oils and oils obtained from... (€4.45B), Telecommunications equipment, n.e.s., and parts, n.e.s.,... (€2.04B), Medicaments (including veterinary medicaments) (€1.8B), and Other machinery and equipment specialized for... (€1.78B). In July 2024 the top imports of Netherlands were Undefined (€12.6B), Petroleum oils and oils obtained from... (€3.49B), Telecommunications equipment, n.e.s., and parts, n.e.s.,... (€2.15B), Petroleum oils and oils obtained from... (€2.13B), and Automatic data-processing machines and units thereof;... (€1.87B).

Destinations In July 2024, Netherlands exported mostly to Germany (€12.8B), Belgium (€6.25B), United Kingdom (€6.01B), France (€4.73B), and United States (€4.63B), and imported mostly from Germany (€10.2B), United States (€5.64B), China (€5B), Belgium (€4.53B), and United Kingdom (€2.79B).

Growth In July 2024, the increase in Netherlands's year-by-year exports was explained primarily by an increase in exports to Belgium (€768M or 14%), Germany (€698M or 5.77%), and China (€491M or 19.2%), and product exports increase in Medicinal and pharmaceutical products, other than... (€476M or 39.4%), Medicaments (including veterinary medicaments) (€436M or 31.9%), and Ships, boats (including hovercraft) and floating... (€323M or 305%). In July 2024, the increase in Netherlands's year-by-year imports was explained primarily by an increase in imports from China (€670M or 15.5%), Germany (€508M or 5.23%), and Singapore (€457M or 44.5%), and product imports increase in Automatic data-processing machines and units thereof;... (€700M or 59.9%), Telecommunications equipment, n.e.s., and parts, n.e.s.,... (€349M or 19.4%), and Other machinery and equipment specialized for... (€218M or 31.4%).

Latest Trade

Time Scale
Flow
Color
Depth
EXPORT GROWTH (July 2023 - July 2024)€3.89B(6.01%)
IMPORT GROWTH (July 2023 - July 2024)€2.4B(4.34%)
MAIN DESTINATION (July 2024)Germany€12.8B

This section shows exports and imports data at subnational level for Netherlands. Click any date in the line plot, or any product, destination or origin country to explore the exports or imports behavior of Netherlands over time.

For full datasets download visit Bulk Download page.

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Historical Data

Yearly Trade

Flow
Color
Depth
Top Export (2022)Refined Petroleum$68.1B
Top Destination (2022)Germany$131B

In 2022, Netherlands exported a total of $674B, making it the number 6 exporter in the world. During the last five reported years the exports of Netherlands have changed by $178B from $496B in 2017 to $674B in 2022.

The most recent exports are led by Refined Petroleum ($68.1B), Broadcasting Equipment ($21B), Machinery Having Individual Functions ($19.9B), Packaged Medicaments ($16.3B), and Crude Petroleum ($15.3B). The most common destination for the exports of Netherlands are Germany ($131B), Belgium ($94.3B), France ($59.9B), United Kingdom ($38.2B), and Italy ($34.5B).

Explore Visualizations

Exports (2022)
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Destinations (2022)
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Market Growth

Flow
View
Growth
Fastest Growing Export Markets (2021 - 2022)
Belgium$14.5B (+ 18.3%)
Chinese Taipei$4.93B (+ 44.5%)
Sweden$3.99B (+ 26.1%)
Fastest Growing Import Markets (2021 - 2022)
United States$17.3B (+ 33.9%)
Belgium$15B (+ 29.5%)
India$8.77B (+ 99.2%)

Total Export Growth by Market (2021 - 2022)

Potential Exports

Potential Exports

Type
Flow
Depth
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Service Trade

Service Trade

Netherlands Exports Services (2020)$196B
Netherlands Imports Services (2020)$190B

In 2020, Netherlands exported $196B worth of services. The top services exported by Netherlands in 2020 were Miscellaneous business, professional, and technical services ($60.1B), Royalties and license fees ($41.8B), Other transport ($17.2B), Air transport ($13.7B), and Sea transport ($12.5B).

The top services imported by Netherlands in 2020 were Miscellaneous business, professional, and technical services ($68.6B), Royalties and license fees ($38.3B), Other transport ($25B), Merchanting and other trade-related services ($12.7B), and Financial services ($10.6B).

Service Exports (2020)

Service Imports (2020)

Economic Complexity

Overview

Economic Complexity (Trade)1.11Rank 23 of 133
Economic Complexity (Technology)1.08Rank 16 of 96
Economic Complexity (Research)2.14Rank 5 of 135

Most Specialized Products by RCA Index

Netherlands has a high level of specialization in Bulbs and Roots (27.1), Photo Lab Equipment (15.6), Other live plants, cuttings and slips; mushroom spawn (15.1), Cut Flowers (14.7), and Composite Paper (13.9). Specialization is measured using RCA, an index that takes the ratio between Netherlands observed and expected exports in each product.

Export Opportunities by Relatedness

The top export opportunities for Netherlands according to the relatedness index, were Glass Scraps (0.42), Other Fermented Beverages (0.42), Cobalt Oxides and Hydroxides (0.42), Rough Wood (0.42), and Precious Metal Scraps (0.41). Relatedness measures the distance between a country's current exports and each product. The barchart show only products that Netherlands is not specialized in.

Product Space

The product space is a network connecting products that are likely to be co-exported. The product space can be used to predict future exports, since countries are more likely to start exporting products that are related to current exports. Relatedness measures the distance between a product, and all of the products a country currently specializes in.

Relatedness Space

This network shows the products most related to the production structure of Netherlands. These are products that tend to be co-exported with the products that Netherlands exports. Higher relatedness values ​​indicate greater knowledge, which predicts a greater probability of exporting that product in the future.

Relatedness Space (2022)

Diversification Frontier

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Depth

The Complexity-Relatedness diagram compares the risk vs strategic value of a country's potential export oppotunities. Relatedness is predictive of the probability that a country increases its exports in a product. Complexity, is associated with higher levels of income, economic growth, less income inequality, and lower greenhouse emissions.

Diversification Frontier

Economic Complexity Ranking

Methodology
Scale

During the last 20 years Netherlands's⁩ ⁨economy has become relatively less complex, moving from the ⁩⁨11th to the 23rd⁩ position in the ECI rank.

These economic complexity rankings use 6 digit exports classified according to the HS96 classification. We consider only countries with population of at least 1 million and exports of at least $1 billion, and products with world trade over $500 million. To explore different rankings and vary these parameters visit the custom rankings section.

Explore Rankings

ECI (Trade) Ranking by Country

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