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2021
Economic Complexity
Trade -0.8Rank 99 of 131
2021
Economic Complexity
Research 0.25Rank 46 of 140
2021
Product
Exports | Imports $4.41B | $11.8B126 of 226 |  105 of 226
2021
Per Capita Product
Exports | Imports $36.7 | $98.1152 of 220 |  210 of 220

About

Overview In 2021, Ethiopia was the number 61 economy in the world in terms of GDP (current US$), the number 126 in total exports, the number 105 in total imports, the number 184 economy in terms of GDP per capita (current US$) and the number 99 most complex economy according to the Economic Complexity Index (ECI) .

Exports The top exports of Ethiopia are Coffee ($1.16B), Gold ($860M), Other Oily Seeds ($337M), Other Vegetables ($272M), and Cut Flowers ($235M), exporting mostly to United Arab Emirates ($1.05B), United States ($495M), Somalia ($361M), Saudi Arabia ($248M), and Germany ($248M).

Imports The top imports of Ethiopia are Wheat ($927M), Refined Petroleum ($782M), Gas Turbines ($526M), Packaged Medicaments ($444M), and Planes, Helicopters, and/or Spacecraft ($434M), importing mostly from China ($2.8B), India ($1.09B), United States ($798M), United Arab Emirates ($794M), and Ukraine ($595M).

Location Ethiopia borders Djibouti, Eritrea, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, and Sudan by land.

Latest Trends

Latest Trade

Flow
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Y-AXIS SCALE

The following section uses the most recent trade data from partners of Ethiopia.

Disclaimer: data is presented based on availability and only countries that use the harmonized system are being shown.

*All data is converted to USD using January 2020 exchange rates when data is reported in local currency.

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Latest Data

Flow
Color
Depth

The data obtained is mirror data. The trade of countries that do not report current data can be reconstructed based on data reported by partner countries with current data available.

*All data is converted to USD using January 2020 exchange rates when data is reported in local currency.

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Historical Data

Yearly Trade

Flow
Color
Depth
Top Export (2021)Coffee$1.16B
Top Destination (2021)United Arab Emirates$1.05B

In 2021, Ethiopia exported a total of $4.41B, making it the number 126 exporter in the world. During the last five reported years the exports of Ethiopia have changed by $1.54B from $2.87B in 2016 to $4.41B in 2021.

The most recent exports are led by Coffee ($1.16B), Gold ($860M), Other Oily Seeds ($337M), Other Vegetables ($272M), and Cut Flowers ($235M). The most common destination for the exports of Ethiopia are United Arab Emirates ($1.05B), United States ($495M), Somalia ($361M), Saudi Arabia ($248M), and Germany ($248M).

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Exports (2021)
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Destinations (2021)
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Market Growth

Flow
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Fastest Growing Export Markets (2020 - 2021)
United Arab Emirates$804M (+ 325%)
United States$96.3M (+ 24.1%)
Germany$79.2M (+ 46.9%)
Fastest Growing Import Markets (2020 - 2021)
Ukraine$427M (+ 254%)
United States$246M (+ 44.5%)
United Kingdom$194M (+ 48.9%)

Total Export Growth by Market (2020 - 2021)

Service Trade

Service Trade

Ethiopia Exports Services (2018)$4.92B
Ethiopia Imports Services (2018)$6.2B

In 2018, Ethiopia exported $4.92B worth of services. The top services exported by Ethiopia in 2018 were Transportation ($3.26B), Personal travel ($591M), Government services, n.i.e. ($410M), Business travel ($377M), and Other business services ($128M).

The top services imported by Ethiopia in 2018 were Transportation ($4.08B), Construction services ($479M), Other business services ($466M), Business travel ($336M), and Personal travel ($276M).

Service Exports (2018)

Service Imports (2018)

Economic Complexity

Overview

Economic Complexity (Trade)-0.8Rank 99 of 131
Economic Complexity (Research)0.25Rank 46 of 140

Most Specialized Products by RCA Index

Ethiopia has a high level of specialization in Other Oily Seeds (274), Cassava (169), Coffee (154), Cut Flowers (107), and Tanned Sheep Hides (94.5). Specialization is measured using RCA, an index that takes the ratio between Ethiopia observed and expected exports in each product.

Most Complex Products by PCI

The highest complexity exports of Ethiopia according to the product complexity index (PCI) are Aircraft; parts of heading no. 8801 or 8802 (0.77), Glands and other organs (extracts, secretions thereof) for organo-therapeutic uses, dried, powdered... (0.69), Ignition or starting equipment; used for spark-ignition or compression-ignition internal combustion engines;... (0.66), Tantalum; articles thereof, including waste and scrap (0.59), and Chassis; fitted with engines, for the motor vehicles of heading no. 8701... (0.55). PCI measures the knowledge intensity of a product by considering the knowledge intensity of its exporters.

Export Opportunities by Relatedness

The top export opportunities for Ethiopia according to the relatedness index, were Tin Ores (0.18), Raw Cotton (0.17), Crustaceans (0.17), Tropical Fruits (0.17), and Melons (0.17). Relatedness measures the distance between a country's current exports and each product. The barchart show only products that Ethiopia is not specialized in.

Product Space

The product space is a network connecting products that are likely to be co-exported. The product space can be used to predict future exports, since countries are more likely to start exporting products that are related to current exports. Relatedness measures the distance between a product, and all of the products a country currently specializes in.

Relatedness Space

This network shows the products most related to the production structure of Ethiopia. These are products that tend to be co-exported with the products that Ethiopia exports. Higher relatedness values ​​indicate greater knowledge, which predicts a greater probability of exporting that product in the future.

Diversification Frontier

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Depth

The Complexity-Relatedness diagram compares the risk vs strategic value of a country's potential export oppotunities. Relatedness is predictive of the probability that a country increases its exports in a product. Complexity, is associated with higher levels of income, economic growth, less income inequality, and lower greenhouse emissions.

Economic Complexity Ranking

Scale

During the last 20 years Ethiopia's⁩ ⁨economy has become relatively less complex, moving from the ⁩⁨nullth to the 99th⁩ position in the ECI rank.

These economic complexity rankings use 6 digit exports classified according to the HS96 classification. We consider only countries with population of at least 1 million and exports of at least $1 billion, and products with world trade over $500 million. To explore different rankings and vary these parameters visit the custom rankings section.

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ECI Ranking by Country

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