Germany (DEU) and Netherlands (NLD) Trade

2023

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Exports $108BRnk 3 / 220

2023

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About

Germany-Netherlands Trade: In 2023, Germany exported $108B to Netherlands. The main products that Germany exported to Netherlands were Cars ($7.93B), Packaged Medicaments ($4.48B), and Vaccines, blood, antisera, toxins and cultures ($3.16B). Over the past 5 years the exports of Germany to Netherlands have increased at an annualized rate of 3.11%, from $92.5B in 2018 to $108B in 2023.

In 2020, Germany exported services to Netherlands worth $15.9B, with Other business services ($5.25B), Travel ($2.48B), and Transportation ($2.47B) being the largest in terms of value.

Netherlands-Germany Trade: In 2023, Netherlands exported $96.9B to Germany. The main products that Netherlands exported to Germany were Refined Petroleum ($15.2B), Vaccines, blood, antisera, toxins and cultures ($4.88B), and Packaged Medicaments ($2.64B). Over the past 5 years the exports of Netherlands to Germany have decreased at an annualized rate of 0.32%, from $98.5B in 2018 to $96.9B in 2023.

In 2020, Netherlands exported services to Germany worth $27.1B, with Transportation ($7.22B), Other business services ($6.89B), and Travel ($4.77B) being the largest in terms of value.

Comparison: In 2023, Germany ranked 5 in the Economic Complexity Index (ECI 1.79), and 3 in total exports ($1.57T). That same year, Netherlands ranked 26 in the Economic Complexity Index (ECI 1.08), and 9 in total exports ($599B).

Latest Trends

November, 2024

About

Overview In November 2024, Germany exported €9.1B and imported €7.55B from Netherlands, resulting in a positive trade balance of €1.55B. Between November 2023 and November 2024 the exports of Germany have decreased by €-719M (-7.32%) from €9.82B to €9.1B, while imports decreased by €-891M (-10.6%) from €8.44B to €7.55B.

Trade In November 2024, the top exports of Germany to Netherlands were Pharmaceutical products (€729M), Petroleum oil and petroleum gases (€705M), Motor cars and motor caravans (€702M), Estimations for non-response (€469M), and Electronic devices (€419M). In November 2024 the top imports of Germany from Netherlands were Mineral oil products (€1.28B), Estimations for non-response (€841M), Pharmaceutical products (€650M), Estimations for exemptions (€458M), and Plastics (€279M).

Origins In November 2024 the exports of Germany were mainly from North Rhine-Westphalia (€2.17B), Baden-Württemberg (€1.34B), Lower Saxony (€791M), Bavaria (€769M), and Hesse (€413M), while imports destinations were mainly North Rhine-Westphalia (€2.84B), Baden-Württemberg (€848M), Bavaria (€796M), Lower Saxony (€756M), and Hesse (€580M).

Growth In November 2024, the decrease in Germany's year-by-year exports to Netherlands was explained primarily by an decrease in product exports in Pharmaceutical products (€-73.2M or -9.13%), Mineral oil products (€-60.5M or -21%), and Other prefabricated chemicals (€-41.8M or -20.4%). In November 2024, the decrease in Germany's year-by-year imports from Netherlands was explained primarily by an decrease in product imports in Petroleum oil and petroleum gases (€-2.57B or -93.4%), Plastics (€-41.4M or -12.9%), and Vegetables and other edible plants, roots,... (€-41.3M or -34.9%).

Latest Trade

Time Scale

Year

Quarter

Month

Flow

Exports

Imports

Value

Trade Value

Growth

Growth (%)

EXPORT GROWTH (November 2023 - November 2024)€-719M(-7.32%)

IMPORT GROWTH (November 2023 - November 2024)€-891M(-10.6%)

MAIN EXPORTER (November 2024)North Rhine-Westphalia€2.17B

This section shows exports and imports data at subnational level for Germany. Click any date in the line plot, any subnational region in the geomap or any product to explore the exports or imports behavior of Germany over time.

To check Netherlands and Germany trade dynamics, check the bilateral page.

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Historical Data

Bilateral Trade by Products

Depth

HS2

HS4

HS6

Value

Trade

Growth

Growth (%)

Year

In 2023, Germany exported $108B to Netherlands. The main products exported from Germany to Netherlands were Cars ($7.93B), Packaged Medicaments ($4.48B), and Vaccines, blood, antisera, toxins and cultures ($3.16B). During the last 5 years the exports of Germany to Netherlands have increased at an annualized rate of 3.11%, from $92.5B in 2018 to $108B in 2023.

In 2018, Netherlands exported $96.9B to Germany. The main products exported from Netherlands to Germany were Refined Petroleum ($15.2B), Vaccines, blood, antisera, toxins and cultures ($4.88B), and Packaged Medicaments ($2.64B). During the last 5 years the exports of Netherlands to Germany have decreased at an annualized rate of 0.32%, from $98.5B in 2023 to $96.9B in 2018.

Exports from Germany () to Netherlands () (2023)

Exports from Netherlands () to Germany () (2023)

Market Competitiveness

Color

Exports

Export Growth

Section

Year

Germany
Top DestinationUnited States$157B

Netherlands
Top DestinationGermany$96.9B

This map shows whether countries import more from Germany or Netherlands. Each country is colored based on the difference in imports they receive from Germany and Netherlands or the difference in the growth in imports.

In 2023, countries that imported more from Germany than Netherlands included United States ($157B), China ($104B), and Austria ($71.6B).

In 2023, countries that imported more from Netherlands than Germany included Belgium ($87B), Nigeria ($2.8B), and Ghana ($1.58B).

Difference in imports from Netherlands () and Germany () (2023)

Comparative Advantage Germany - Netherlands

Flow

Section

HS2

HS4

Scale

Log

Linear

Year

This chart compares trade between Germany and Netherlands by product, considering products traded by both, Germany and Netherlands.

During 2023, Germany had a large net trade with Netherlands in the exports of Machines ($23.2B), Chemical Products ($17.5B), and Transportation ($13.6B).

During 2018, Netherlands had a large net trade with Germany in the exports of Mineral Products ($18.5B), Chemical Products ($17B), and Machines ($12.4B).

Potential Exports

Depth

Section

HS2

HS4

View

Top 20

Top 15

Top 10

Sort By

Highest Potential

Most Saturated

Section

Top Product Potential Germany Netherlands+$2.18BCars

Top Product Potential Netherlands Germany+$1.28BVaccines, blood, antisera, toxins and cultures

We estimate the export potential of an economy for each product and destination using an extension of the bilateral relatedness model of Jun et al. (2019).This extended gravity model considers similarities among products and geographies and explains more than 50% of the variance in future trade flows.

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Bilateral Service Trade

Nld Year

Deu Year

In 2020, Germany exported services to Netherlands worth $15.9B, with Other business services ($5.25B), Travel ($2.48B), and Transportation ($2.47B) being the largest in terms of value.

In 2020, Netherlands exported services to Germany worth $27.1B, with Transportation ($7.22B), Other business services ($6.89B), and Travel ($4.77B) being the largest in terms of value.

Service trade data is presented based on availability.

Services Exports from Germany () to Netherlands () (2020)

Services Exports from Netherlands () to Germany () (2020)

Service Trade

Economic Complexity

Competitive Landscape

Year

This visualization shows the product space at the HS4 level with the flags of Germany and Netherlands. This means that a dot/product with the flag of Germany indicates it has a comparative advantage over Netherlands. Similarly, a dot/product with the flag of Netherlands indicates it has a comparative advantage over Germany.

Product Space of Germany () and Netherlands () (2023)

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