About

Overview In 2023, Poland was the number 21 economy in the world in terms of GDP (current US$), the number 23 in total exports, the number 19 in total imports, the number 59 economy in terms of GDP per capita (current US$) and the number 24 most complex economy according to the Economic Complexity Index (ECI) .

Exports The top exports of Poland are Motor vehicles; parts and accessories (8701 to 8705) ($19.6B), Electric Batteries ($12.7B), Cars ($7.96B), Seats ($6.82B), and Other Furniture ($6.39B), exporting mostly to Germany ($84B), United Kingdom ($19.4B), Czechia ($19.3B), France ($19.1B), and Italy ($16.7B).

In 2023, Poland was the world's biggest exporter of Rolled Tobacco ($5.42B), Razor Blades ($917M), Wood Crates ($717M), Tar ($198M), and Buckwheat ($159M)

Imports The top imports of Poland are Crude Petroleum ($15.7B), Cars ($15.6B), Motor vehicles; parts and accessories (8701 to 8705) ($11.9B), Refined Petroleum ($8.55B), and Packaged Medicaments ($6.59B), importing mostly from Germany ($80.2B), China ($44.5B), Italy ($19B), Netherlands ($15.9B), and United States ($14.5B).

In 2023, Poland was the world's biggest importer of Oxometallic or Peroxometallic Acid Salts ($3.66B), Explosive Ammunition ($1.85B), Sound Recordings ($49.1M), Unvulcanised Rubber Products ($43.5M), and Lead Oxides ($14.3M)

Location Poland borders Belarus, Czechia, Germany, Lithuania, Russia, Slovakia, and Ukraine by land and Denmark and Sweden by sea.

Latest Trends

Latest Trade

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The following section uses the most recent trade data from partners of Poland.

Disclaimer: data is presented based on availability and only countries that use the harmonized system are being shown.

* Trade values are converted to USD using each month's exchange rate. For December 2023 data, the exchange rate from December 30, 2023 is used.

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Latest Data

Flow
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Depth

The data obtained is mirror data. The trade of countries that do not report current data can be reconstructed based on data reported by partner countries with current data available.

*All data is converted to USD using January 2020 exchange rates when data is reported in local currency.

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Historical Data

Yearly Trade

Flow
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Depth
Top Destination (2023)Germany$84B

In 2023, Poland exported a total of $339B, making it the number 23 exporter in the world. During the last five reported years the exports of Poland have changed by $92.6B from $246B in 2018 to $339B in 2023.

The most recent exports are led by Motor vehicles; parts and accessories (8701 to 8705) ($19.6B), Electric Batteries ($12.7B), Cars ($7.96B), Seats ($6.82B), and Other Furniture ($6.39B). The most common destination for the exports of Poland are Germany ($84B), United Kingdom ($19.4B), Czechia ($19.3B), France ($19.1B), and Italy ($16.7B).

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Exports (2023)
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Destinations (2023)
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Market Growth

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Growth
Fastest Growing Export Markets (2022 - 2023)
Germany$3.46B (+ 4.3%)
Ukraine$1.84B (+ 27.5%)
United Kingdom$1.67B (+ 9.41%)
Fastest Growing Import Markets (2022 - 2023)
Norway$3.59B (+ 67%)
South Korea$1.68B (+ 20.2%)
Saudi Arabia$1.63B (+ 27.1%)

Total Export Growth by Market (2022 - 2023)

Potential Exports

Potential Exports

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Service Trade

Service Trade

Poland Exports Services (2020)$51B
Poland Imports Services (2020)$35.6B

In 2020, Poland exported $51B worth of services. The top services exported by Poland in 2020 were Other transport ($16.4B), Miscellaneous business, professional, and technical services ($16.2B), Personal travel ($4.74B), Business travel ($3.48B), and Construction abroad ($1.66B).

The top services imported by Poland in 2020 were Miscellaneous business, professional, and technical services ($11.9B), Other transport ($5.05B), Personal travel ($3.73B), Sea transport ($2.33B), and Other royalties and license fees ($2.04B).

Service Exports (2020)

Service Imports (2020)

Economic Complexity

Overview

Economic Complexity (Trade)1.09Rank 24 of 132
Economic Complexity (Technology)1Rank 20 of 96
Economic Complexity (Research)0.55Rank 34 of 140

Most Specialized Products by RCA Index

Poland has a high level of specialization in Tar (16.1), Coke (14.1), Military Weapons (13.6), Razor Blades (13.4), and Rolled Tobacco (12.7). Specialization is measured using RCA, an index that takes the ratio between Poland observed and expected exports in each product.

Export Opportunities by Relatedness

The top export opportunities for Poland according to the relatedness index, were Bovine (0.5), Sawn Wood (0.5), Wheat Flours (0.49), Beer (0.49), and Veneer Sheets (0.49). Relatedness measures the distance between a country's current exports and each product. The barchart show only products that Poland is not specialized in.

Product Space

The product space is a network connecting products that are likely to be co-exported. The product space can be used to predict future exports, since countries are more likely to start exporting products that are related to current exports. Relatedness measures the distance between a product, and all of the products a country currently specializes in.

Relatedness Space

This network shows the products most related to the production structure of Poland. These are products that tend to be co-exported with the products that Poland exports. Higher relatedness values ​​indicate greater knowledge, which predicts a greater probability of exporting that product in the future.

Relatedness Space (2023)

Diversification Frontier

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Depth

The Complexity-Relatedness diagram compares the risk vs strategic value of a country's potential export oppotunities. Relatedness is predictive of the probability that a country increases its exports in a product. Complexity, is associated with higher levels of income, economic growth, less income inequality, and lower greenhouse emissions.

Diversification Frontier

Economic Complexity Ranking

Methodology
Scale

During the last 20 years Poland's⁩ ⁨economy has become relatively more complex, moving from the ⁩⁨27th to the 24th⁩ position in the ECI rank.

These economic complexity rankings use 6 digit exports classified according to the HS96 classification. We consider only countries with population of at least 1 million and exports of at least $1 billion, and products with world trade over $500 million. To explore different rankings and vary these parameters visit the custom rankings section.

Explore Rankings

ECI (Trade) Ranking by Country

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