About

Overview In 2022, Mongolia was the number 126 economy in the world in terms of GDP (current US$), the number 94 in total exports, the number 125 in total imports, the number 112 economy in terms of GDP per capita (current US$) and the number 120 most complex economy according to the Economic Complexity Index (ECI) .

Exports The top exports of Mongolia are Coal Briquettes ($6.48B), Copper Ore ($2.73B), Gold ($2.05B), Animal Hair ($430M), and Iron Ore ($389M), exporting mostly to China ($10.6B), Switzerland ($1.98B), Singapore ($346M), South Korea ($259M), and Russia ($112M).

In 2022, Mongolia was the world's biggest exporter of Animal Hair ($430M)

Imports The top imports of Mongolia are Refined Petroleum ($1.55B), Cars ($524M), Delivery Trucks ($333M), Trailers and semi-trailers, not mechanically propelled vehicles ($229M), and Raw Iron Bars ($211M), importing mostly from China ($3.06B), Russia ($2.44B), Japan ($577M), South Korea ($437M), and United States ($241M).

Location Mongolia borders China and Russia by land.

Latest Trends

Latest Trade

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Y-AXIS SCALE

The following section uses the most recent trade data from partners of Mongolia.

Disclaimer: data is presented based on availability and only countries that use the harmonized system are being shown.

* Trade values are converted to USD using each month's exchange rate. For December 2023 data, the exchange rate from December 30, 2023 is used.

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Latest Data

Flow
Color
Depth

The data obtained is mirror data. The trade of countries that do not report current data can be reconstructed based on data reported by partner countries with current data available.

*All data is converted to USD using January 2020 exchange rates when data is reported in local currency.

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Historical Data

Yearly Trade

Flow
Color
Depth
Top Export (2022)Coal Briquettes$6.48B
Top Destination (2022)China$10.6B

In 2022, Mongolia exported a total of $13.6B, making it the number 94 exporter in the world. During the last five reported years the exports of Mongolia have changed by $6.55B from $7.04B in 2017 to $13.6B in 2022.

The most recent exports are led by Coal Briquettes ($6.48B), Copper Ore ($2.73B), Gold ($2.05B), Animal Hair ($430M), and Iron Ore ($389M). The most common destination for the exports of Mongolia are China ($10.6B), Switzerland ($1.98B), Singapore ($346M), South Korea ($259M), and Russia ($112M).

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Exports (2022)
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Destinations (2022)
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Market Growth

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Growth
Fastest Growing Export Markets (2021 - 2022)
China$2.93B (+ 38.4%)
Singapore$90.7M (+ 35.5%)
South Korea$37.5M (+ 17%)
Fastest Growing Import Markets (2021 - 2022)
Russia$623M (+ 34.3%)
China$567M (+ 22.7%)
Japan$94.5M (+ 19.6%)

Total Export Growth by Market (2021 - 2022)

Potential Exports

Potential Exports

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Service Trade

Service Trade

Mongolia Exports Services (2019)$1.23B
Mongolia Imports Services (2019)$3.22B

In 2019, Mongolia exported $1.23B worth of services. The top services exported by Mongolia in 2019 were Personal travel ($464M), Transportation ($389M), Other business services ($226M), Computer and information services ($50.1M), and Business travel ($49.3M).

The top services imported by Mongolia in 2019 were Transportation ($983M), Personal travel ($917M), Other business services ($772M), Financial services ($212M), and Construction services ($146M).

Service Exports (2019)

Service Imports (2019)

Economic Complexity

Overview

Economic Complexity (Trade)-1.26Rank 120 of 133
Economic Complexity (Technology)-1.74Rank 93 of 96
Economic Complexity (Research)-0.72Rank 101 of 135

Most Specialized Products by RCA Index

Mongolia has a high level of specialization in Animal Hair (899), Feldspar (112), Copper Ore (52.9), Coal Briquettes (39.9), and Zinc Ore (34.6). Specialization is measured using RCA, an index that takes the ratio between Mongolia observed and expected exports in each product.

Most Complex Products by PCI

The highest complexity exports of Mongolia according to the product complexity index (PCI) are Prepared or preserved meat, meat offal or blood (-0.11), Rape or colza seeds; whether or not broken (-0.19), Yarn of fine animal hair (carded or combed), not put up for... (-0.31), Wool and fine or coarse animal hair; carded or combed (including combed... (-0.77), and Guts, bladders and stomachs of animals (other than fish); whole and pieces... (-0.92). PCI measures the knowledge intensity of a product by considering the knowledge intensity of its exporters.

Export Opportunities by Relatedness

The top export opportunities for Mongolia according to the relatedness index, were Manganese Ore (0.073), Other Mineral (0.07), Raw Copper (0.069), Niobium, Tantalum, Vanadium and Zirconium Ore (0.059), and Uranium and Thorium Ore (0.057). Relatedness measures the distance between a country's current exports and each product. The barchart show only products that Mongolia is not specialized in.

Product Space

The product space is a network connecting products that are likely to be co-exported. The product space can be used to predict future exports, since countries are more likely to start exporting products that are related to current exports. Relatedness measures the distance between a product, and all of the products a country currently specializes in.

Relatedness Space

This network shows the products most related to the production structure of Mongolia. These are products that tend to be co-exported with the products that Mongolia exports. Higher relatedness values ​​indicate greater knowledge, which predicts a greater probability of exporting that product in the future.

Relatedness Space (2022)

Diversification Frontier

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Depth

The Complexity-Relatedness diagram compares the risk vs strategic value of a country's potential export oppotunities. Relatedness is predictive of the probability that a country increases its exports in a product. Complexity, is associated with higher levels of income, economic growth, less income inequality, and lower greenhouse emissions.

Diversification Frontier

Economic Complexity Ranking

Methodology
Scale

During the last 20 years Mongolia's⁩ ⁨economy has become relatively less complex, moving from the ⁩⁨nullth to the 120th⁩ position in the ECI rank.

These economic complexity rankings use 6 digit exports classified according to the HS96 classification. We consider only countries with population of at least 1 million and exports of at least $1 billion, and products with world trade over $500 million. To explore different rankings and vary these parameters visit the custom rankings section.

Explore Rankings

ECI (Trade) Ranking by Country

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