About

Overview In 2023, Indonesia was the number 16 economy in the world in terms of GDP (current US$), the number 27 in total exports, the number 28 in total imports, the number 123 economy in terms of GDP per capita (current US$) and the number 65 most complex economy according to the Economic Complexity Index (ECI) .

Exports The top exports of Indonesia are Coal Briquettes ($38.8B), Palm Oil ($24.8B), Ferroalloys ($14.8B), Lignite ($10.7B), and Petroleum Gas ($9.26B), exporting mostly to China ($70.7B), United States ($27.9B), India ($24B), Japan ($23.7B), and Singapore ($15.8B).

In 2023, Indonesia was the world's biggest exporter of Palm Oil ($24.8B), Ferroalloys ($14.8B), Lignite ($10.7B), Nickel Mattes ($7.58B), and Large Flat-Rolled Stainless Steel ($5.85B)

Imports The top imports of Indonesia are Refined Petroleum ($19.5B), Crude Petroleum ($10.2B), Integrated Circuits ($4B), Broadcasting Equipment ($3.8B), and Petroleum Gas ($3.69B), importing mostly from China ($62.7B), Singapore ($18.2B), Japan ($15.4B), United States ($11B), and Malaysia ($10.9B).

In 2023, Indonesia was the world's biggest importer of Raw Sugar ($2.85B), Soybean Meal ($2.6B), Rice ($1.76B), Steam Boilers ($648M), and Steam Turbines ($401M)

Location Indonesia borders Timor-Leste, Malaysia, and Papua New Guinea by land and Australia, India, Palau, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, and Christmas Island by sea.

Latest Trends

Latest Trade

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Y-AXIS SCALE

The following section uses the most recent trade data from partners of Indonesia.

Disclaimer: data is presented based on availability and only countries that use the harmonized system are being shown.

* Trade values are converted to USD using each month's exchange rate. For December 2023 data, the exchange rate from December 30, 2023 is used.

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Latest Data

Flow
Color
Depth

The data obtained is mirror data. The trade of countries that do not report current data can be reconstructed based on data reported by partner countries with current data available.

*All data is converted to USD using January 2020 exchange rates when data is reported in local currency.

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Historical Data

Yearly Trade

Flow
Color
Depth
Top Export (2023)Coal Briquettes$38.8B
Top Destination (2023)China$70.7B

In 2023, Indonesia exported a total of $299B, making it the number 27 exporter in the world. During the last five reported years the exports of Indonesia have changed by $84.1B from $215B in 2018 to $299B in 2023.

The most recent exports are led by Coal Briquettes ($38.8B), Palm Oil ($24.8B), Ferroalloys ($14.8B), Lignite ($10.7B), and Petroleum Gas ($9.26B). The most common destination for the exports of Indonesia are China ($70.7B), United States ($27.9B), India ($24B), Japan ($23.7B), and Singapore ($15.8B).

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Exports (2023)
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Destinations (2023)
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Market Growth

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Growth
Fastest Growing Export Markets (2022 - 2023)
Switzerland$498M (+ 22.7%)
Qatar$472M (+ 189%)
Mexico$347M (+ 16.4%)
Fastest Growing Import Markets (2022 - 2023)
Brazil$940M (+ 27.6%)
Vietnam$510M (+ 10.7%)
Germany$483M (+ 13.5%)

Total Export Growth by Market (2022 - 2023)

Potential Exports

Potential Exports

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Service Trade

Service Trade

Indonesia Exports Services (2020)$14.2B
Indonesia Imports Services (2020)$24.5B

In 2020, Indonesia exported $14.2B worth of services. The top services exported by Indonesia in 2020 were Other business services ($5.11B), Travel ($3.38B), Sea transport ($1.96B), Telecommunications services ($784M), and Government services, n.i.e. ($649M).

The top services imported by Indonesia in 2020 were Other business services ($7.71B), Sea transport ($5.77B), Computer and information services ($2.6B), Travel ($1.75B), and Royalties and license fees ($1.53B).

Service Exports (2020)

Service Imports (2020)

Economic Complexity

Overview

Economic Complexity (Trade)-0.085Rank 65 of 132
Economic Complexity (Technology)-0.51Rank 63 of 96
Economic Complexity (Research)0.2Rank 48 of 140

Most Specialized Products by RCA Index

Indonesia has a high level of specialization in Lignite (68), Other Edible Animal Products (47.6), Stainless Steel Ingots (41.2), Palm Oil (39.1), and Nickel Mattes (36.4). Specialization is measured using RCA, an index that takes the ratio between Indonesia observed and expected exports in each product.

Export Opportunities by Relatedness

The top export opportunities for Indonesia according to the relatedness index, were Cassava (0.29), Tin Ores (0.28), Jute Woven Fabric (0.28), Knit T-shirts (0.27), and Packing Bags (0.27). Relatedness measures the distance between a country's current exports and each product. The barchart show only products that Indonesia is not specialized in.

Product Space

The product space is a network connecting products that are likely to be co-exported. The product space can be used to predict future exports, since countries are more likely to start exporting products that are related to current exports. Relatedness measures the distance between a product, and all of the products a country currently specializes in.

Relatedness Space

This network shows the products most related to the production structure of Indonesia. These are products that tend to be co-exported with the products that Indonesia exports. Higher relatedness values ​​indicate greater knowledge, which predicts a greater probability of exporting that product in the future.

Relatedness Space (2023)

Diversification Frontier

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Depth

The Complexity-Relatedness diagram compares the risk vs strategic value of a country's potential export oppotunities. Relatedness is predictive of the probability that a country increases its exports in a product. Complexity, is associated with higher levels of income, economic growth, less income inequality, and lower greenhouse emissions.

Diversification Frontier

Economic Complexity Ranking

Methodology
Scale

During the last 20 years Indonesia's⁩ ⁨economy has become relatively more complex, moving from the ⁩⁨75th to the 65th⁩ position in the ECI rank.

These economic complexity rankings use 6 digit exports classified according to the HS96 classification. We consider only countries with population of at least 1 million and exports of at least $1 billion, and products with world trade over $500 million. To explore different rankings and vary these parameters visit the custom rankings section.

Explore Rankings

ECI (Trade) Ranking by Country

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