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2023
Economic Complexity
Trade -0.84Rank 101 of 132
2022
Economic Complexity
Research 0.091Rank 51 of 140
2023
Product
Exports | Imports $3.97B | $19.8B137 of 226 |  84 of 226
2023
Per Capita Product
Exports | Imports $30.9 | $154181 of 220 |  210 of 220

About

Overview In 2023, Ethiopia was the number 59 economy in the world in terms of GDP (current US$), the number 137 in total exports, the number 84 in total imports, the number 172 economy in terms of GDP per capita (current US$) and the number 101 most complex economy according to the Economic Complexity Index (ECI) .

Exports The top exports of Ethiopia are Coffee ($1.31B), Dried Legumes ($329M), Cut Flowers ($258M), Other Oily Seeds ($246M), and Gold ($232M), exporting mostly to United States ($487M), China ($402M), United Arab Emirates ($314M), Saudi Arabia ($304M), and Netherlands ($207M).

Imports The top imports of Ethiopia are Refined Petroleum ($2.5B), Mixed Mineral or Chemical Fertilizers ($700M), Raw Sugar ($667M), Cars ($653M), and Gas Turbines ($586M), importing mostly from China ($5.23B), Djibouti ($3.22B), India ($1.46B), Kuwait ($1.33B), and Saudi Arabia ($1.13B).

Location Ethiopia borders Djibouti, Eritrea, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, and Sudan by land.

Latest Trends

Latest Trade

Flow
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Y-AXIS SCALE

The following section uses the most recent trade data from partners of Ethiopia.

Disclaimer: data is presented based on availability and only countries that use the harmonized system are being shown.

* Trade values are converted to USD using each month's exchange rate. For December 2023 data, the exchange rate from December 30, 2023 is used.

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Latest Data

Flow
Color
Depth

The data obtained is mirror data. The trade of countries that do not report current data can be reconstructed based on data reported by partner countries with current data available.

*All data is converted to USD using January 2020 exchange rates when data is reported in local currency.

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Historical Data

Yearly Trade

Flow
Color
Depth
Top Export (2023)Coffee$1.31B
Top Destination (2023)United States$487M

In 2023, Ethiopia exported a total of $3.97B, making it the number 137 exporter in the world. During the last five reported years the exports of Ethiopia have changed by $1.07B from $2.91B in 2018 to $3.97B in 2023.

The most recent exports are led by Coffee ($1.31B), Dried Legumes ($329M), Cut Flowers ($258M), Other Oily Seeds ($246M), and Gold ($232M). The most common destination for the exports of Ethiopia are United States ($487M), China ($402M), United Arab Emirates ($314M), Saudi Arabia ($304M), and Netherlands ($207M).

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Exports (2023)
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Destinations (2023)
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Market Growth

Flow
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Growth
Fastest Growing Export Markets (2022 - 2023)
Singapore$95.4M (+ 439%)
Kenya$89M (+ 444%)
China$35M (+ 9.54%)
Fastest Growing Import Markets (2022 - 2023)
Kuwait$982M (+ 283%)
China$734M (+ 16.3%)
Saudi Arabia$606M (+ 116%)

Total Export Growth by Market (2022 - 2023)

Potential Exports

Potential Exports

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Service Trade

Service Trade

Ethiopia Exports Services (2018)$4.92B
Ethiopia Imports Services (2018)$6.2B

In 2018, Ethiopia exported $4.92B worth of services. The top services exported by Ethiopia in 2018 were Transportation ($3.26B), Personal travel ($591M), Government services, n.i.e. ($410M), Business travel ($377M), and Other business services ($128M).

The top services imported by Ethiopia in 2018 were Transportation ($4.08B), Construction services ($479M), Other business services ($466M), Business travel ($336M), and Personal travel ($276M).

Service Exports (2018)

Service Imports (2018)

Economic Complexity

Overview

Economic Complexity (Trade)-0.84Rank 101 of 132
Economic Complexity (Research)0.091Rank 51 of 140

Most Specialized Products by RCA Index

Ethiopia has a high level of specialization in Other Oily Seeds (188), Coffee (174), Cut Flowers (147), Dried Legumes (105), and Tanned Sheep Hides (101). Specialization is measured using RCA, an index that takes the ratio between Ethiopia observed and expected exports in each product.

Most Complex Products by PCI

The highest complexity exports of Ethiopia according to the product complexity index (PCI) are Reciprocating or rotary internal combustion piston engines (0.94), Tantalum; articles thereof, including waste and scrap (0.67), Engravings, prints and lithographs; original (0.63), Aircraft; parts of heading no. 8801 or 8802 (0.48), and Hop cones, fresh or dried, whether or not ground, powdered or in... (0.32). PCI measures the knowledge intensity of a product by considering the knowledge intensity of its exporters.

Export Opportunities by Relatedness

The top export opportunities for Ethiopia according to the relatedness index, were Raw Cotton (0.19), Tropical Fruits (0.18), Crustaceans (0.18), Knit Men's Undergarments (0.18), and Bran (0.18). Relatedness measures the distance between a country's current exports and each product. The barchart show only products that Ethiopia is not specialized in.

Product Space

The product space is a network connecting products that are likely to be co-exported. The product space can be used to predict future exports, since countries are more likely to start exporting products that are related to current exports. Relatedness measures the distance between a product, and all of the products a country currently specializes in.

Relatedness Space

This network shows the products most related to the production structure of Ethiopia. These are products that tend to be co-exported with the products that Ethiopia exports. Higher relatedness values ​​indicate greater knowledge, which predicts a greater probability of exporting that product in the future.

Relatedness Space (2023)

Diversification Frontier

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Depth

The Complexity-Relatedness diagram compares the risk vs strategic value of a country's potential export oppotunities. Relatedness is predictive of the probability that a country increases its exports in a product. Complexity, is associated with higher levels of income, economic growth, less income inequality, and lower greenhouse emissions.

Diversification Frontier

Economic Complexity Ranking

Methodology
Scale

During the last 20 years Ethiopia's⁩ ⁨economy has become relatively less complex, moving from the ⁩⁨nullth to the 101st⁩ position in the ECI rank.

These economic complexity rankings use 6 digit exports classified according to the HS96 classification. We consider only countries with population of at least 1 million and exports of at least $1 billion, and products with world trade over $500 million. To explore different rankings and vary these parameters visit the custom rankings section.

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ECI (Trade) Ranking by Country

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