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XV (Harmonized System 1992 for Section)

2023
World Trade $1.54TRnk 5 / 21
2023
Top Exporter | Top Importer $258B | $167BChina | United States
2023
Product Complexity -0.18Rnk 13 / 21
2022 - 2023
Export Growth (CAGR) -12%Rnk 17 / 21
2023
Share of World Trade 6.81%Rnk 5 / 21

About

Overview This page contains the latest trade data of Metals. In 2023, Metals were the world's 5th most traded product, with a total trade of $1.54T. Between 2022 and 2023 the exports of Metals decreased by -12%, from $1.75T to $1.54T. Trade in Metals represent 6.81% of total world trade.

Metals include Iron & steel, Iron/Steel Articles, Aluminum articles, Copper articles, Miscellaneous metal products, Tools & cutlery, Nickel articles, Cermet articles, Zinc articles, and Lead articles, among others.

Exports In 2023 the top exporters of Metals  were China ($258B), Germany ($122B), United States ($83.4B), Japan ($68B), and Italy ($57.9B).

Imports In 2023 the top importers of Metals were United States ($167B), China ($133B), Germany ($107B), Italy ($60B), and France ($52.1B).

Ranking Metals ranks 13th in the Product Complexity Index (PCI).

Latest Trends

Latest Data

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Flow
Y-AXIS SCALE

The following visualization shows the latest trends on Metals. Countries are shown based on data availability.

For a full breakdown of trade patterns, visit the trend explorer or the product in country profile.

Explore Latest Trends

* Trade values are converted to USD using each month's exchange rate. For December 2023 data, the exchange rate from December 30, 2023 is used.

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Historical Data

Exporters and Importers

Top Origin (2023)China$258B
Top Destination (2023)United States$167B

In 2023 Metals were the world's 5th most traded product (out of 21).

In 2023, the top exporters of Metals were China ($258B), Germany ($122B), United States ($83.4B), Japan ($68B), and Italy ($57.9B).

In 2023, the top importers of Metals were United States ($167B), China ($133B), Germany ($107B), Italy ($60B), and France ($52.1B).

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Exporters of Metals (2023)
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Importers of Metals (2023)
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Market Dynamics

Color
Top Origin Growth (2022 -  2023)Egypt$739M
Top Destination Growth (2022 -  2023)India$2.89B

Between 2022 and 2023, the exports of Metals grew the fastest in Egypt ($739M), Namibia ($294M), Republic of the Congo ($260M), Djibouti ($158M), and Gambia ($133M).

Between 2022 and 2023, the fastest growing importers of Metals were India ($2.89B), Kazakhstan ($844M), Ukraine ($729M), Morocco ($625M), and Algeria ($371M).

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Exporters of Metals (2022 - 2023)

Importers of Metals (2022 - 2023)

Market Concentration

Value

This chart shows the evolution of the market concentration of exports of Metals.

In 2023, market concentration measured using Shannon Entropy, was 5.27. This means that most of the exports of Metals are explained by 38 countries.

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Value of Exports in Metals

Net Trade

TOP NET EXPORTER (2023)China$125B
TOP NET IMPORTER (2023)United States$84B

This map shows which countries export or import more of Metals. Each country is colored based on the difference in exports and imports of Metals during 2023.

In 2023, the countries that had a largest trade value in exports than in imports of Metals were China ($125B), Japan ($31.5B), Russia ($23.5B), Indonesia ($20.7B), and Chile ($17B).

In 2023, the countries that had a largest trade value in imports than in exports of Metals were United States ($84B), Mexico ($22.3B), Thailand ($17B), Turkey ($13.1B), and France ($11.7B).

Net Trade (2023)

Disaggregation

Value
Disaggregation

In 2023, the world most traded Metals, disaggragated by their HS6 level were Iron & steel ($477B), Iron/Steel Articles ($361B), Aluminum articles ($232B), Copper articles ($212B), and Miscellaneous metal products ($82.1B)

HS6 Disaggregation for Metals (2023)
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Country Comparison

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Measure
Ranking

This visualization shows the countries that have an important ratio of their trade related to Metals.
It is possible to select the main countries that export or import Metals in the world, or by continent, as well as select the measure of interest.

Top 10 Exporters Countries of Metals by percentage of total exports

Potential Exports

Potential Exports

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TOP EXPORT POTENTIALUnited States+ $4.22B
TOP IMPORT POTENTIALChina+ $777M

Metals’s highest export potential is United States. With an export gap of $4.22B.  Metals’s highest import potential is China with an import gap of $777M.

See methodology.

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Product Complexity

Diversification Frontier

Specialization

The Complexity-Relatedness diagram compares the risk and the strategic value of a product's potential export opportunities. Relatedness is predictive of the probability that a country increases its exports in a product. Complexity, is associated with higher levels of income, economic growth potential, lower income inequality, and lower emissions.

Relatedness vs Country Complexity (2023)

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