Turkmenistan is the 95th largest export economy in the world and the 112th most complex economy according to the Economic Complexity Index (ECI). In 2017, Turkmenistan exported $7.1B and imported $3.35B, resulting in a positive trade balance of $3.75B. In 2017 the GDP of Turkmenistan was $37.9B and its GDP per capita was $18k.

The top exports of Turkmenistan are Petroleum Gas ($5.92B), Refined Petroleum ($398M), Non-Retail Pure Cotton Yarn ($156M), Raw Cotton ($150M) and Crude Petroleum ($122M), using the 1992 revision of the HS (Harmonized System) classification. Its top imports are Iron Structures ($119M), Harvesting Machinery ($107M), Cranes ($87.7M), Tractors ($83.1M) and Packaged Medicaments ($75.8M).

The top export destinations of Turkmenistan are China ($5.93B), Turkey ($396M), Italy ($130M), Georgia ($119M) and Azerbaijan ($96.5M). The top import origins are Turkey ($1.01B), Germany ($412M), China ($361M), Russia ($343M) and South Korea ($130M).

Turkmenistan borders Afghanistan, Iran, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan by land and Azerbaijan by sea.