Indonesia2021 Economic Complexity Trade : 0.042, Rank 61 of 131
2021 Economic Complexity Technology : -0.51, Rank 63 of 96
2021 Economic Complexity Research : 0.043, Rank 57 of 140
2021 Product Exports | Imports: $248B | $194B, 27 of 226 | 30 of 226
2021 Per Capita Product Exports | Imports: $896 | $701, 134 of 219 | 168 of 219
Overview In 2021, Indonesia was the number 16 economy in the world in terms of GDP (current US$), the number 27 in total exports, the number 30 in total imports, the number 111 economy in terms of GDP per capita (current US$) and the number 61 most complex economy according to the Economic Complexity Index (ECI) .
Exports The top exports of Indonesia are Coal Briquettes ($28.4B), Palm Oil ($27.3B), Petroleum Gas ($8.06B), Ferroalloys ($7.16B), and Large Flat-Rolled Stainless Steel ($6.68B), exporting mostly to China ($54.5B), United States ($26.2B), Japan ($18.6B), India ($14.5B), and Singapore ($13B).
In 2021, Indonesia was the world's biggest exporter of Palm Oil ($27.3B), Ferroalloys ($7.16B), Large Flat-Rolled Stainless Steel ($6.68B), Stearic Acid ($5.5B), and Lignite ($5.29B)
Imports The top imports of Indonesia are Refined Petroleum ($14.5B), Crude Petroleum ($6.03B), Petroleum Gas ($4.27B), Vaccines, blood, antisera, toxins and cultures ($3.42B), and Motor vehicles; parts and accessories (8701 to 8705) ($3.19B), importing mostly from China ($60.4B), Singapore ($18.4B), Japan ($13.2B), United States ($9.69B), and Malaysia ($9.55B).
In 2021, Indonesia was the world's biggest importer of Soybean Meal ($2.37B), Industrial Furnaces ($404M), Steam Boilers ($233M), Refractory Cements ($226M), and Artificial Filament Tow ($177M)
Location Indonesia borders Timor-Leste, Malaysia, and Papua New Guinea by land and Australia, India, Palau, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, and Christmas Island by sea.
The following section uses the most recent trade data from partners of Indonesia.
Disclaimer: data is presented based on availability and only countries that use the harmonized system are being shown.
*All data is converted to USD using January 2020 exchange rates when data is reported in local currency.
The data obtained is mirror data. The trade of countries that do not report current data can be reconstructed based on data reported by partner countries with current data available.
*All data is converted to USD using January 2020 exchange rates when data is reported in local currency.
Top Export (2021): Coal Briquettes, $28.4B
Top Destination (2021): China, $54.5B
In 2021, Indonesia exported a total of $248B, making it the number 27 exporter in the world. During the last five reported years the exports of Indonesia have changed by $83.9B from $164B in 2016 to $248B in 2021.
The most recent exports are led by Coal Briquettes ($28.4B), Palm Oil ($27.3B), Petroleum Gas ($8.06B), Ferroalloys ($7.16B), and Large Flat-Rolled Stainless Steel ($6.68B). The most common destination for the exports of Indonesia are China ($54.5B), United States ($26.2B), Japan ($18.6B), India ($14.5B), and Singapore ($13B).
Indonesia Exports Services (2020): $14.2B
Indonesia Imports Services (2020): $24.5B
In 2020, Indonesia exported $14.2B worth of services. The top services exported by Indonesia in 2020 were Other business services ($5.11B), Travel ($3.38B), Sea transport ($1.96B), Telecommunications services ($784M), and Government services, n.i.e. ($649M).
The top services imported by Indonesia in 2020 were Other business services ($7.71B), Sea transport ($5.77B), Computer and information services ($2.6B), Travel ($1.75B), and Royalties and license fees ($1.53B).
Indonesia has a high level of specialization in Lignite (63.9), Stainless Steel Ingots (55.6), Other Edible Animal Products (47.1), Palm Oil (45.4), and Stearic Acid (33.1). Specialization is measured using RCA, an index that takes the ratio between Indonesia observed and expected exports in each product.
The highest complexity exports of Indonesia according to the product complexity index (PCI) are Musical instruments; wind (e.g. keyboard pipe organs, accordions, clarinets, trumpets, bagpipes), other than fairground organs and mechanical street organs (1.38), Musical instrument parts (for example, mechanisms for musical boxes) and accessories (for example, cards, discs and rolls for mechanical instruments); metronomes, tuning forks and pitch pipes (1.25), Electrical capacitors; fixed, variable or adjustable (pre-set) (1.22), Prepared rubber accelerators; compound plasticisers for rubber or plastics, n.e.c. or included; anti-oxidising preparations and other compound stabilisers for rubber or plastics (1.09), and Stainless steel in ingots or other primary forms; semi-finished products of stainless steel (1.05). PCI measures the knowledge intensity of a product by considering the knowledge intensity of its exporters.
The top export opportunities for Indonesia according to the relatedness index, were Tin Ores (0.31), Cassava (0.31), Cocoa Beans (0.3), Jute Woven Fabric (0.3), and Bananas (0.29). Relatedness measures the distance between a country's current exports and each product. The barchart show only products that Indonesia is not specialized in.
The product space is a network connecting products that are likely to be co-exported. The product space can be used to predict future exports, since countries are more likely to start exporting products that are related to current exports. Relatedness measures the distance between a product, and all of the products a country currently specializes in.
The Complexity-Relatedness diagram compares the risk vs strategic value of a country's potential export oppotunities. Relatedness is predictive of the probability that a country increases its exports in a product. Complexity, is associated with higher levels of income, economic growth, less income inequality, and lower greenhouse emissions.
During the last 20 years Indonesia's economy has become relatively more complex, moving from the 67th to the 61st position in the ECI rank.
These economic complexity rankings use 6 digit exports classified according to the HS96 classification. We consider only countries with population of at least 1 million and exports of at least $1 billion, and products with world trade over $500 million. To explore different rankings and vary these parameters visit the custom rankings section.
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