Overview: In 2018 Germany was the number 4 economy in the world in terms of GDP (current US$), the number 2 in total exports, the number 3 in total imports, and the number 4 most complex economy according to the Economic Complexity Index (ECI). In 2018, Germany exported $1.5T and imported $1.2T, resulting in a positive trade balance of $305B. In 2018, Germany's exports per capita were $18.2k and its imports per capita were $14.5k.
Overview: In April 2020 Germany exported €75.6B and imported €72.7B, resulting in a positive trade balance of €2.89B. Between April 2019 and April 2020 the exports of Germany have decreased by €-33.5B (-30.7%) from €109B to €75.6B, while imports decreased by €-19.9B (-21.5%) from €92.6B to €72.7B.
Trade: In April 2020 the top exports of Germany were Pharmaceutical products (€6.85B), Machinery for electricity production, distribution (€4.07B), Other machinery (€3.36B), Chassis, bodies, engines etc. for motor vehicles (€2.59B), and Articles of plastic (€2.31B). In April 2020 the top imports of Germany were Pharmaceutical products (€4.47B), Estimations for non-response (€3.42B), Office and automatic data processing machines (€3.23B), Machinery for electricity production, distribution (€2.84B), and Aircraft (€2.61B).
Growth: In April 2020, the decrease in Germany's year-by-year exports was explained primarily by a decrease in exports to France (€-4.42B or -47.8%), United States (€-3.5B or -35.8%), and United Kingdom (€-2.35B or -42.1%), and product exports decrease in Motor cars and motor caravans (€-9.01B or -83.1%), Chassis, bodies, engines etc. for motor vehicles (€-4.33B or -62.6%), and Aircraft (€-2.9B or -67.4%). In April 2020, the decrease in Germany's year-by-year imports was explained primarily by a decrease in imports from France (€-2.06B or -37.2%), Czechia (€-1.69B or -41.7%), and Italy (€-1.55B or -32.4%), and product imports decrease in Motor cars and motor caravans (€-3.57B or -67.5%), Chassis, bodies, engines etc. for motor vehicles (€-3.24B or -69.3%), and Petroleum oil and petroleum gases (€-2.66B or -51%).
This section shows exports and imports data at subnational level for Germany. Click any date in the line plot, any subnational region in the geomap, or any product, destination or origin country to explore the exports or imports behavior of Germany over time.
This section shows the differences between Germany's total subnational aggregate trade throughout time. To explore different subnational trade comparisons in time, visit Germany's subnational profiles.
In 2018 Germany exported a total of $1.5T, making it the number 2 exporter in the world. During the last five reported years the exports of Germany have changed by $126B from $1.38T in 2013 to $1.5T in 2018.
In 2018 Germany imported $1.2T, making it the number 3 trade destination in the world. During the last five reported years the imports of Germany changed by $87.6B from $1.11T in 2013 to $1.2T in 2018.
In 2017, Germany exported $257B worth of services. The top services exported by Germany in 2017 were Miscellaneous business, professional, and technical services ($62.1B), Transportation ($61.8B), Travel ($39.7B), Computer and information services ($37.2B), and Royalties and license fees ($20.1B).
The top services imported by Germany in 2017 were Travel ($83.5B), Miscellaneous business, professional, and technical services ($67B), Transportation ($66.4B), Computer and information services ($33.6B), and Royalties and license fees ($12.7B).
This section shows forecasts for total product exports and imports for Germany. The forecast is based in a long short-term memory model or LSTM constructed using yearly trade data.
*The tariffs applied to imports for Germany are:109: Caribbean Forum (CARIFORUM) - European Union Economic Partnership Agreements (EPA)119: Customs Union between EU and Turkey121: Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) between the EU and the Southern African Development Community (SADC) EPA Group122: EU preferential tariff for sugar producing countries123: European Union Generalized System of Preference124: European Union GSP for Least Developed Countries136: Most Favoured Nation duty rate treatement160: Preferential tariff for Albania161: Preferential tariff for Algeria162: Preferential tariff for Andorra172: Preferential tariff for Bosnia and Herzegovina177: Preferential tariff for Cameroon181: Preferential tariff for Central American Common Market CACM (Spanish: Mercado Común Centroamericano MCCA) Central American Integration System SICA182: Preferential tariff for Chile189: Preferential tariff for Colombia205: Preferential tariff for Ecuador206: Preferential tariff for Egypt209: Preferential tariff for EPA countries218: Preferential tariff for European Union countries222: Preferential tariff for Faroe Islands223: Preferential tariff for Fiji224: Preferential tariff for for occupied Palestinian territory226: Preferential tariff for Georgia227: Preferential tariff for Ghana238: Preferential tariff for Iceland239: Preferential tariff for India244: Preferential tariff for Israel247: Preferential tariff for Jordan249: Preferential tariff for Korea, Republic of255: Preferential tariff for Lebanon258: Preferential tariff for Liechtenstein262: Preferential tariff for Macedonia270: Preferential tariff for Mexico272: Preferential tariff for Montenegro273: Preferential tariff for Morocco281: Preferential tariff for Norway283: Preferential tariff for Overseas Countries and Territories284: Preferential tariff for Pakistan287: Preferential tariff for Papua New Guinea289: Preferential tariff for Peru293: Preferential tariff for San Marino295: Preferential tariff for Selected Eastern and Southern African countries(Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles and Zimbabwe)299: Preferential tariff for Singapore302: Preferential tariff for South Africa306: Preferential tariff for Switzerland308: Preferential tariff for Syria318: Preferential tariff for the republic of Moldova321: Preferential tariff for Tunisia325: Preferential tariff for Ukraine341: Preferential tariffs for countries benefiting from the special incentive arrangement for sustainable development and good governance
During the last 20 years Germany's economy has become relatively less complex, moving from the 2nd to the 4th position in the ECI rank.
These economic complexity rankings use 6 digit exports classified according to the HS96 classification. We consider only countries with population of at least 1 million and exports of at least $1 billion, and products with world trade over $500 million. To explore different rankings and vary these parameters visit the custom rankings section.
The top export opportunities for Germany according to the relatedness index, are Cobalt Ore (0.55), Photo Lab Equipment (0.55), Photographic Chemicals (0.54), Tin Foil (0.54), and Non-optical Microscopes (0.53). Relatedness measures the distance between a country's current exports and each product. The barchart show only products that Germany is not specialized in.
The product space is a network connecting products that are likely to be co-exported. The product space can be used to predict future exports, since countries are more likely to start exporting products that are related to current exports. Relatedness measures the distance between a product, and all of the products it is currently specialized in.
The Complexity-Relatedness diagram compares the risk and the strategic value of a country's potential export oppotunities.
Relatedness is a predictive of the probability that a country increases its exports in a product. Complexity, is associated with higher levels of income, economic growth, less income inequality, and lower emissions.
Germany
